Womens Position in Society in Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own Ess

Ladies' Position in Society in Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own The entry toward the finish of the Third Chapter in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Woolf manages two significant topics of this paper. The first being the manners by which ladies were held down and made mediocre compared to men, and the second being the means by which this influenced women’s composing. Woolf affirms that ladies were made mediocre as an immediate aftereffect of men’s saw predominance. This assertment gives another perspective about women’s lower position in the public eye and the ensuing low supposition men held of ladies and their capabilties as journalists. Woolf immovably accepts that it is the right of all journalists to pay extraordinary regard to what in particular is thought of them and to endure when that assessment is negative. Since the assessment of women’s composing was negative, ladies couldn't compose openly. Their psyches, Woolf accepts, were obfuscated with plans. They had something to demonstrate or resentment to vi ndicate. This isn't the perfect circumstance for composing, or the best possible condition for virtuoso. Thusly, through her progressive method of looking at women’s position in the public arena, Woolf demonstrates that the â€Å"masculine complex† and low desires for ladies hindered upon their creative cycle. One significant topic this article lights up is that of what subjected ladies and how that inadequacy was kept up. Woolf states, â€Å"Even in the nineteenth century a lady was not urged to be an artist† (55). Actually she was disheartened and made to accept such a job was past her capacities. Here Woolf turns the issue around indicating that ladies didn't intentionally decide not to become authors, yet were pushed not to compose by men. Woolf theorizes about the effects of this debilitation saying... ...ganized the conventional method of inspecting women’s position in the public arena and it’s influence on their craft. Her idea of the â€Å"masculine complex† approaches sexual orientation relations from a very surprising edge. It is male predominance not female mediocrity, which propagates this framework. Men’s predominance is solid and their protection from the women’s development was compelling to the point that even solid willed ladies were lowered. Ladies were additionally upset by the overarching male estimation that they were uncouth essayists. This normally terminated women’s motivating force to demonstrate their capacities, since all craftsmen are worried about what others consider them. However, this very circumstance represses inventiveness and kept on keeping ladies from arriving at their maximum capacity. This new line of reasoning clarifies and reconsiders the powers that held ladies down and isolated them from their virtuoso .

Interpersonal Communication Report

Center Assessment Portfolio Michael E. Szostkiewicz In satisfaction obviously prerequisites for Park University CA104 Interpersonal Communication Fall 1 Term 2009 Interpersonal Communication Report MICHAEL E. SZOSTKIEWICZ SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 Interpersonal Communication Report Outline I. Preceding joining up with this course, I felt that my relational abilities were sufficient and compelling. I have consistently highly esteemed being an adroit and capable communicator; my jargon is assorted. I generally put forth a purposeful attempt to annunciate appropriately. Be that as it may, my encounters these most recent couple of weeks have left me with a clothing rundown of things I have to enhance. Through the different activities and assignments finished in this course so far, I have understood that there is consistently opportunity to get better in my own relational connections, both by and by and expertly. I feel the territories that I have to enhance in my relational abilities are undivided attention, passionate control, and using social contrasts of people around me. Indeed, even with the bunch of initiative and correspondence workshops and classes I have either joined in or encouraged, I comprehend that we should continually learn new methods and think about back what we have realized in the past to help better any future connections. II. Central matters A. Undivided attention 1. Undivided attention is characterized as the procedure by which an audience communicates their comprehension of the speaker’s all out message, including the verbal and nonverbal correspondence, the contemplations, and the sentiments. 2. By utilizing the five phase model of tuning in and applying it at home and at work, I will have the option to expand upon my present connections and fashion better ones later on. The procedures of accepting, getting, recollecting, assessing and reacting are an essential piece of our connections and should be drilled in consistently life. B. Passionate control 1. People all in all are exceptionally passionate animals. Being able to control our feelings inside our relational connections is an ability that isn't inborn and must be learned and drilled to be effective. 2. As I am very enthusiastic in everything that I do, I should now and then respite and consider my passionate association with the current issue. While having and communicating our feelings at home might be a decent method to speak with our accomplices, communicating our feelings in the working environment may not be proper. C. Using social contrasts 1. Understanding that distinctions in culture between collaborators can have a positive or negative impact upon the air of the work environment, we should used and grasp those distinctions to encourage a demeanor of acknowledgment all things considered, races and ideologies. . Living in America and particularly serving in the military, I have been presented to innumerable various societies. Each culture has noteworthy goals that can be gained from. Persistence with and comprehension of contrasts in figured, discourse and peculiarities from differing societies can assist me with being increasingly energetic about others and their indigenous societies. III. In synopsis, I have secured the three parts of my own relational connections that I believe I have to enhance. Understanding that all individuals are unique and convey distinctively I am ready to perceive when and where my own correspondence blemishes exist. To begin with, I feel that I have to improve my aptitudes in the territory of undivided attention. By investigating the five phase model of listening I am ready to have progressively profitable connections at home with family and furthermore grinding away. Also, in perceiving my feelings with respect to different points and knowing when enthusiastic reactions are justified, I can be a superior, even-keeled dad, spouse, coach and pioneer. In conclusion, reflecting upon the distinctions in societies in the work place, I can help advance assorted variety and acknowledgment of everybody. IV. Taking everything into account, I have seen the zones of my relational connections wherein I need improvement. So as to expand upon my present connections and having the essential abilities expected to make new connections later on the regions in which I explicitly need to center are effectively tuning in, controlling my feelings and perceiving and grasping decent variety. So as to be a viable pioneer and guide, having these ranges of abilities can just build the estimation of my value to my organization while all the while improving the nature of connections that I have both at home and work. While getting careless in my relational connections, I feel that I have lost an opportunity to completely comprehend the musings and sentiments of those with whom I am included. Perceiving my shortcomings and attempting to better my own relational abilities can just bring about expanded positive connections. Michael E. Szostkiewicz Tania Balas CA104 Interpersonal Communication 30 September 2009 Relational Communication Report Prior to joining up with this course, I felt that my relational abilities were satisfactory and viable. I have consistently valued being a skilled and capable communicator; my jargon is different. I generally put forth a purposeful attempt to annunciate appropriately. Be that as it may, my encounters these most recent couple of weeks have left me with a clothing rundown of things I have to enhance. Through the different activities and assignments finished in this course hitherto, I have understood that there is opportunity to get better in my relational connections, both by and by and expertly. I feel the zones that I have to enhance in my relational abilities are rehearsing undivided attention, practicing increasingly passionate control, and using social contrasts of people around me. Indeed, even with the horde of authority and correspondence workshops and classes I have either joined in or encouraged, I comprehend that I should continually learn new methods and consider back what I have realized in the past to help better any future connections. Recognizing and looking at the components and procedure of relational correspondence is the initial phase in understanding who I am and where I place in the informative world. Joseph A. DeVito states that in the round idea of relational correspondence; the two people send messages at the same time instead of in a direct succession where correspondence skips to and fro between at least two individuals. DeVito further clarifies that the beliefs that are available in every relational cooperation are: source-collector, encoding-translating, messages, channels, commotion, setting, morals, and fitness (DeVito, 9-15). Understanding that individuals are exceptional people who talk diversely is an essential exercise in improving as a communicator. The most ideal approach to portray how a person’s mental self view or self-idea impacts their capacity to interface with those with whom they come in contact is that each individual has a different and particular foundation whereby nature in which they were brought up as youngsters and their shifted encounters as youthful grown-ups may influence their capacity to successfully impart. Perceiving and understanding that all types of correspondence assume a particular job in our collaborations as grown-ups and how we identify with one another must be comprehended and rehearsed so as to have fruitful and important connections both actually and expertly. This is additionally a case of how a person’s observations can impact their correspondence decisions. DeVito proceeds by characterizing discernment as the procedure by which you become mindful of articles, occasions, and particularly individuals through your own faculties: sight, smell, taste, contact, and hearing (DeVito 61). As we take a functioning part throughout everyday life, our observations about the individuals and our general surroundings are in a steady condition of transition. In the event that we stay stale in our connections, at that point we will undoubtedly pass up a considerable lot of the open doors gave to us to better ourselves. Understanding that I have numerous things to find out about my own relational abilities is the initial move toward turning into an individual all in all. The main obstacle on my relational correspondence task list is to improve my undivided attention. Undivided attention is characterized as the procedure by which an audience communicates their comprehension of the speaker’s absolute message, including the verbal and nonverbal correspondence, the contemplations, and the sentiments. Undivided attention is an idea that was created by Thomas Gordon (1975) in the mid 1960’s as the establishment of his Parent Effectiveness Training program which despite everything keeps on offering demonstrated correspondence and compromise abilities to guardians, educators and supervisors from varying backgrounds (2009). DeVito states that undivided attention isn't simply rehashing the speaker’s precise words, yet rather assembling your comprehension of the speaker’s all out message into a significant entire (DeVito 94). I have consistently viewed myself as a decent audience. At whatever point one of my seniors, companions or subordinates ventures into my office for a talk, I generally advise myself to commit my complete consideration to this individual. I will kill my PC screen, open my steno padâ€which I regularly allude to as my â€Å"memory,† snatch my pen and show the individual that I am completely fixed on what they are talking about with me. Furthermore, all through this course I have had the option to sharpen my aptitudes as a practiced conversationalist by utilizing the three basic strategies of undivided attention: summarizing the speaker’s significance, communicating comprehension and posing inquiries. Be that as it may, there are times when I get careless and my aptitudes bomb me. One such occurrence of a breakdown in correspondence and a case of how language can make correspondence issues with shocking impacts was as of late when I entrusted one of my subordinates to look into a guidance administering the best possible wearing of maternity regalia in the Navy. As a pioneer, I ineffectively portrayed my particular directions and by neglecting to

Procurement and Supply Chain Management for Amazon- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theProcurement and Supply Chain Management for Amazon. Answer: Presentation Amazon is an online business organization which is situated in America. The organization is established by Jeff Bezos and is situated in Seattle, Washington. The organization was set up in the year 1994. Amazon is the biggest web based business organization on the planet as far as the market capitalization and income earned. Amazon at first began with the online book shop and later it likewise incorporated the video and the music gushing and in the long run the internet retailing business. The web based retailing business incorporated a wide scope of the items and this has prompted the gigantic interest of the organization (Amazon.com 2018). Gracefully issues The significant gracefully gives that are being experienced by the Amazon are as per the following: Poor gracefully chain the board when an organization is at the highest point of the flexibly chain the board execution, the accessibility and the item chain experiences significantly the provider's slip-up. It regularly happens that the makers destroyed with the conveyance of the item and can't transport the item inside the specified time limit. This prompts hatred and because of this, the deals might be lost. Wastefulness in the entire procedure the utilization of the wasteful procedures that the providers embrace because of the lack of concern. Inadequate stock-without the adequate flexibly of the items, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to find the expanding request of the items. Absence of the checking the business outlets-powerful observing of the of the considerable number of deals outlets and if not oversaw appropriately may prompt the channel of the stock right away. Overselling-so as to lessen any sort of disarray, the deals of the item should be permitted distinctly till the stocks can continue (Ecommerce Tips, 2018). Tasks issues Amazons operational issues are subject to the specific territories that are as per the following: Plan of the administrations and the merchandise Nature of the administration Limit and the procedure plan Area technique Technique and the format plan HR and occupation plan Flexibly chain the executives Stock administration Booking Support (Sec.gov, 2018) Top 3 difficulties The best 3 difficulties concerning the consummation of the assignment are as per the following: Looking through the online web indexes is once in a while prompts data that may not be solid. A few major organizations regularly are reluctant to uncover their issues and issues identified with the activity and the gracefully. There are different difficulties like the issues that are refered to over various online sources come up short on the dynamism. The information are seen as extrapolated or are old. Procedures to address these issues The procedures that are utilized to address the difficulties are put together dependence with respect to the information that accessible from the locales that are adequately referenced (Masic, 2013). The information from the first home site are just viewed as valid. End From the above conversation, it very well may be reasoned that the Amazon is one of the greatest online business organization and after some time Amazon has increased monstrous prevalence and the piece of the pie because of its powerful moderation of the operational and gracefully issues and issues. Reference Amazon.com (2018). Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs more. [online] Amazon.com. Accessible at: https://www.amazon.com/[Accessed 12 Apr. 2018]. Online business Tips (2018). 3 Problems with Amazon Inventory Management And Their Solutions - E-business Tips. [online] Ecommerce Tips. Accessible at: https://ecommercetips.org/3-issues with-amazon-stock administration/[Accessed 12 Apr. 2018]. Masic, I. (2013). The significance of appropriate reference of references in biomedical articles. ActaInformaticaMedica, 21(3), 148. Sec.gov (2018). 10-K. [online] Sec.gov. Accessible at: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/information/1018724/000101872416000172/amzn-20151231x10k.htm [Accessed 12 Apr. 2018].

The Liability of Directors under the Modern Corporate Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2494 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Z3434911 1 Introduction The Middleton J observation cited in the title question brings a crucial contemporary corporate governance issue into starker focus.[1] Corporate governance is a phrase that has an undeniable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"motherhoodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ element, in that most reasonable people might understand that company directors cannot insulate themselves from liability where they take no steps to properly inform themselves concerning day to day business operations. It is the ability to establish certain parameters to define Middleton Jà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"more than merely going through the pacesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assertion that is the profound challenge in this important corporate governance aspect. The effort to establish the requisite parameters undertaken in this essay is guided by a careful review of Corporations Act (CA) section 180 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"care and diligenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ provisions.[2] This review is additionally informed through its alignment with Corporate Constitutionalism theory. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Liability of Directors under the Modern Corporate Environment" essay for you Create order The conclusion that is supported by this dual emphasis is that not only is Middleton J correct in his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"going through the pacesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ observation, a director is obliged to approach their duties with considerable vigor. Directors will escape liability in the modern corporate environment where they demonstrably took their responsibilities seriously, even when things go wrong. The Corporations Act requirement The CA provisions concerning the due care and diligence with which Australian directors are expected to discharge their obligation owed to the specific enterprise are as easy to state as they have proven difficult to apply in practice. Section 180 provides that any corporate officer or director must exercise their powers and discharge their duties with the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person would exercise if they were similarly situated.[3] It can be clearly inferred from s180(1) that the circumstances or special roles of each direc tor should be considered by the court and the objective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonable personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ standard should also be met.[4] The reasonableness test is measured by another hypothetical reasonable directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skills and responsibilities with similar circumstances, where the tailored degree of care and diligence for each director required reflects the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hierarchy of the corporate governance structure to some extent. [5] The business judgment rule described in the companion CA s180 provision is the primary lens through which director duties will be evaluated.[6] The section defines a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"business judgmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as any decision to take or not take action in respect of a matter relevant to the business operations of the corporation.[7] Such judgment must demonstrate compliance with the overarching due care and diligence obligation, combined with evidence of four specific attributes listed under s180(2).[8] T he rule is not designed to exempt the directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability from failing to make a sound judgment completely, but to give a defence to those who delivered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonable but loss-generatingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ business judgments made with a rational belief and due care, and in good faith.[9] Consequently, the burden is on the directors to show the specific evidence required by the provision and their persuasive considerations because of its defensive nature. On may readily suggest that on the bare, dispassionate s180 of the CA language alone, the Middleton J title quotation accuracy is confirmed. The intricacies and occasional inconsistencies revealed in the practical CA s180 applications are often driven by the variability of phrases such as good faith and rational belief. The following examples assist in this understanding. Specific examples The statutory requirements for directors under CA s180 are basically similar to what they are imposed under case law. The s180 duties are also better understood when placed against the broader implications that flow from the director-corporation relationship.[10] The case law confirms that directors owe a fiduciary duty to the corporation, as endorsed in cases such as ASIC v Rich[11], and more generally in the High Court of Australia decision in Chan v Zacharia[12]. The fiduciary duty injects a further element of higher obligation than that inspired by a person regarded as merely going through the paces. The leading Australian authority Whitehouse v Carlton[13] describes the fiduciary duty as both non-delegable and non-negotiable.[14] The subjective breach of duty test confirms that a director will avoid personal liability where the decision reflects their honest but mistaken belief that when made, the anticipated results the decision would generate were seen as consistent with the company best interests.[15] It is equally important to appreciate that there are specific instances wher e the director decision may trigger both s180 consequences and other liabilities.[16] An example is s588G[17] of the CA personal liability imposition where the director permits the company to incur debt at a time after the director reasonably knows the enterprise is insolvent, or is likely to become insolvent.[18] In her examination of the Australian business judgment rule evolution, Du Plessis notes its inspiration as derived from earlier English appellate authority.[19] She places specific emphasis on the dicta extracted from Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd[20] in this respect, where directors are mandated to exercise their discretion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦bona fide in what they consider not what a court considers is in the interests of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[21] This seminal position has been interpreted to mean that the business judgment rule reinforces the proposition that courts will not assume the function of being the ultimate arbiter of commercial decisions. It is important to understand that company directors ought not to be found legally responsible on the sole basis that a court later disagrees with the wisdom of their actions. This is a sound approach to the s180 business judgment rule for two reasons. It fairly recognises that no business, no matter how shrewdly operated or resolutely managed, can possibly control or anticipate every commercial variable. There are often forces larger than the company at work; factors such as international financial markets volatility, interest and currency exchange rates, and government policy initiatives can all play an unforeseen role in business performance.[22] The second reason is directly connected to the s180 requirements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the law ought only to impose a standard, namely reasonableness that the director can satisfy through efforts any rationale observer is equipped to assess. The standard is not one of superhuman expectation. Harloweà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Nominees[23] makes this point effectively, where the Court observes that the right and duty of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦deciding where the companys interests lie [and] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ their judgment, if exercised in good faith and not for irrelevant purposes, is not open to review by the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[24] Du Plessis additionally observes that unlike the business judgment rule scope as observed in the United States, director protections in s180 are inherently more limited. She argues forcefully that Australian directors are not afforded a truly safe harbour from liability unless the good faith and rational judgment tests are satisfied. Corporate Constitutionalism Legal and economic analysis had been the predominant frameworks to review and examine corporate law and corporate governance over the years where the contractual feature reflects its private and individual nature in the context of corporate governance.[25] Although the economic analysis successfully developed an institution al account of relevant laws which regulate companies, its individual and market-oriented approach has been criticised primarily due to lack of responsiveness to political and social concerns.[26] Therefore, s180 under the contractualism framework only requires the directors to fulfil the obligations in the contract without considering other stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rights and interests affected by their decisions.[27] Without denying the reasonableness of economic analysis approach and private nature of corporate law, Stephen Bottomley creatively introduced and implemented a corporate constitutionalism framework by adapting the constitutionalist ideas in political and social theory to give a more comprehensive explanation of corporate governance.[28] In its formulation, corporate constitutionalism is defined by three key features: dual decision-making, deliberative decision-making, and the separation of powers.[29] It can also be crystallised that the board of directors and general meeting should be responsible for their decisions by applying a separation of decision-making powers to corporate governance (accountability), where any disputes with regards to the corporate decisions are required to be solved by deliberation (deliberation), and all shareholders are entitled to contest the decisions to ensure they stands for their interests (contestability).[30] Under dual decision-making structure, directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ abilities to make decisions are restrained constitutionally by the considerations of majority membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests which positively benefit the corporate governance.[31] Furthermore, deliberation feature can not only advance the quality in decision-making process but also contribute to protect the membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ best interests, where the separation of powers provide alternative mechanism to enhance the accountability and monitor the corporate governance process.[32] Each of these constitutionalism feature s is rooted in the notion that decision-making spanning a vast potential topics range is the essence of corporate life.[33] For this reason, Australian law pays significant attention to the rules, doctrines and standards that influence corporate decision-making. These have an informational component, such as the need to disclose annual account and prospectuses. The CA provisions also prescribe procedural rules such as board meetings, and s180 requirements discussed above.[34] For these reasons, corporate constitutionalism is also a concept that explains the importance of structure and process, as opposed to substantive legal doctrine. Among various criticisms towards corporate constitutionalism approach, the fundamental limitation is that most companies which make any business decision in order to maximise profits may be driven to ignore the public policy concerns.[35] Nevertheless the framework is an important supplement to the existing corporate law theory which considerably im proves the integrity and quality of corporate governance.[36] Overall, constitutionalism delivers an alternative account of corporation law to take into account non-shareholder and other public interests in the process of corporate decision-making. The Rich[37] impact Legg and Jordan suggest that prior to the ASIC v Rich[38] decision, the business judgment rule was rarely invoked in Australian director breach of duty claims.[39] The prevailing academic view was the rule added little to the existing directors duties law. The ready conclusion was offered that where the facts establish a director failed to exercise his corporate duty of care, the company would ipso facto negate the business judgment rule.[40] In Rich, the Court plumbed deeper into the rule rationales. The Court decided to approach the question as one of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.how much further the concept of business judgment is extended into the realm of management, organisation and planningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[41] This key phrase illustrates how the Court was prepared to take the examination. Through its focus on the decision-making occasion, as opposed to the directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s general state of knowledge, the Court characterised the director as one obliged to become informed about the subject matter of the decision prior to making it. The Court stresses that the s180 qualifying words, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to the extent they reasonably believe to be appropriateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, must convey the idea that protection may be available even if the director was not aware of the available information material to the decision, so long as the director reasonably believed appropriate steps were taken on the decision-making occasion to be properly informed concerning the subject matter.[42] It is apparent that this approach is largely consistent with the corporate constitutionalism as described by Stephen Bottomley.[43] The prudent director is revealed as one that understands and adhe res it the proper procedures; once followed, the director should enjoy significant protection from liability claims. Conclusion As noted in the initial examination of the s180 languages, it would be difficult to imagine a director being able to discharge their stated obligations if their role was merely ornamental, or one characterised as simply going through their paces. The business judgment rule as taken from the English authorities and adopted for use under s180 of the CA auspices places significant obligations on Australian directors, ones that are made more prominent when fixed against their fiduciary duties backdrop. Neil Young pointed out in his article with regard to corporate governance that there are considerable numbers of directors who should have great knowledge and understandings of their companies are not familiar with the operations or strategies of the companies.[44] As a result of that, it was suggested that a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"responsive regulationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ approach which lays much heavier penalties even criminal sanctions for the breach of directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ duties should be used to enhance the compliance of the CA and achieve a better balance between s180(1) and (2).[45] It is equally apparent that the corporate constitutionalism theory that also exerts its influence over how director obligations ought to be understood affords further liability protection to those directors that assiduously follow correct board procedure in their decision-making processes. [1] ASIC v Healey [2011] FCA 717. [2] Section180(1), Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). [3] Andy Gibson, Business Law (Pearson Australia, 6th edition, 2013), pp232-236. [4] Emillios Kyrou, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Duties, Defences, Indemnities, Access to Board Papers and DO Insurance Post CLERPAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2000) 18 CSLJ 555, p558. [5] Neil Young, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Has directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ liability gone too far or not far enough? A review of the standard of conduct required of directors under sections 180-184 of the Corporations Actà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2008) 26 CSLJ 216, p220. [6] Section180(2), Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). [7] Section180(3), Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). [8] Section180(2), Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). [9] Sarah Worthington, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Reforming Directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Dutiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2001) 64 Mod LR 439, p450. [10] Brian Horrigan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Duties and Liabilities à ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going in the UK, Broader Commonwealth, and Internationally?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2012) 3(2) International Journal of Business and Social Science1, p1. [11] [2009] NSWSC 1229. [12] [1984] HCA 36. [13] (1987) 162 CLR 285. [14] Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 285. [15] R P Austin and I M Ramsay, Fords Principles of Corporations Law (LexisNexis, 15th edition, 2012), Pt I.2 and Pt III.6. [16] Section9, Corporations Act 2001 (Cth); as discussed in Taylormaid Marine Industries Pty Ltd v Beaurepaire Ors (1987) 5 ACLC 253. [17] Section588G, Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). [18] J Jean and Du Plessis, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Open Sea or safe harbour? American, Australian and South African business judgment rules compared: Part 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2011) 32 Company Lawyer 345, p347. [19] Ibid, p348. [20] [1942] Ch 304. [21] Ibid. [22] Andy Gibson, Business Law (Pearson Australia, 6th edition, 2013), pp234-236. [23] Harlowes Nominees Pty Ltd v Woodside (Lakes Entrance) Oil Co NL (1968) 121 CLR 483. [24] Ibid, p493; see the similar English reasoning in Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd [1974] AC 821, p835. [25] Stephen Bottomley, The Constitutional Corporation: Rethinking Corporate Governance (Ashgate, 2007), Chapter2, pp 19, 25, 26, 29. [26] Angus Corbett and Peta Spender, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Review Essay: Corporate Constitutionalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2009) 31 Sydney Law Review 147, pp148, 149. [27] Stephen Bottomley, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“From Contractualism to Constitutionalism: A Framework for Corporate Governanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1997) 19 Sydney Law Review 277, p289. [28] Ibid, p296. [29] Ibid, p298. [30] Neil Andrews, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Reviews and Current Developments: Putting the politics back into corporate law: A review of Stephen Bottomleyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s The Constitutional Corporation: Rethinking Corporate Goveranceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2007) 21 Aust Jnl of Corp Law 16 1, pp162-164. [31] Stephen Bottomley, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“From Contractualism to Constitutionalism: A Framework for Corporate Governanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1997) 19 Sydney Law Review 277, p300. [32] Ibid, pp 306-207, 309. [33] Angus Corbett and Peta Spender, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Review Essay: Corporate Constitutionalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2009) 31 Sydney Law Review 147, p149. [34] Ibid, p150. [35] Stephen Bottomley, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“From Contractualism to Constitutionalism: A Framework for Corporate Governanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1997) 19 Sydney Law Review 277, p313. [36] Angus Corbett and Peta Spender, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Review Essay: Corporate Constitutionalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2009) 31 Sydney Law Review 147, p154. [37] ASIC v Rich [2009] NSWSC 1229. [38] [2009] NSWSC 1229. [39] Michael Legg and Dean Jordan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Australian Business Judgment Rule after ASIC v Rich: Balancing Director Authority and Accountabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2013) 34(2) Adelaide Law Review 179 , pp179-181. [40] ASIC v Rich [2009] NSWSC 1229, p1231. [41] Ibid. [42] Ibid, p7284. [43] Stephen Bottomley, The Constitutional Corporation: Rethinking Corporate Governance (Ashgate, 2007), Chapter2. [44] Neil Young, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Has directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ liability gone too far or not far enough? A review of the standard of conduct required of directors under sections 180-184 of the Corporations Actà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2008) 26 CSLJ 216, p231. [45] Ibid, pp230-231.

Do You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die...

I am going to answer these two questions in this essay. They are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia is the action that takes the patient’s life without any informed consent of the patient but the patient may want to live.†¦show more content†¦It is a voluntary euthanasia. Utilitarianism tells us that whether an action is right or wrong depends on its consequences and the right thing to do is to promote the happiness of most people. If he has the right to die, it can eliminate the suffering of the person, decrease psychological burden of his family and decrease financial burden of his family and also the society. However, it will increase the suffering of his family. In this case, the amount of the happiness is more than the amount of the unhappiness. Therefore, this action is right in Act Util itarianism of Utilitarianism theory. However, in rule Utilitarianism, this action is wrong because of breaking the Hong Kong’s law. Kantian Ethics tells us the right action is to act from duty. We have moral duties to not kill and not allow to die wherever possible. Moreover, Kantian Ethics is concerned with the act itself but not the consequences. Kant’s theory said people should never be merely means to an end-in-itself. We should never kill someone in order to reduce suffering, or save money. Therefore, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia are not allowed in this theory. Using the above example, when we has persistent vegetative state that want to die because we have no will in our live, we also want someone intend that others follow our will. So, vetoing a person’s will cannot from a universal law because there is a contradiction.Show MoreRelatedDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 PagesThey are â€Å"Do you think that the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary

Ancient Christian Art Essay Example For Students

Ancient Christian Art Essay Frightened by persecution, early Christian Art was abstract and vague in order to hide and protect the beliefs and ideas of (as well as) the artists, patrons and audience themselves. As Christians werent allowed to practice publicly or be buried inside of Roman walls, art was often reserved for catacombs. Pope Gregory stated that art should be instructional as well as faithful, but the persecution of the time dictated that it too must be ambiguous. Artists often used seemingly vague symbols like lambs and doves. After the Edict of Milan however, Christianity became acceptable and eventually spread across the Roman Empire. The Emperor Constantine decided to make it the official religion of the empire and commissioned a monumental church: Old St. Peters Church. Built on top of what is believed to be St. Peters burial site, this church once could house 3,000 to 4,000 worshippers. The exterior wasnt elaborate like the pagan temples but its interior had frescoes and mosaics, marble columns, chandeliers and gold and silver vessels on jeweled altar cloths for use in the Mass. Christian churches rejected the designs that governed the Greco-Roman temples not only because they were pagan but also because of practical purposes. All pagan rituals took place outside but the Christians needed a building that could accommodate large numbers of people for congregation. Christian churches had 6 parts: the nave, aisles, apse, transept, narthex and atrium. They were usually built with axial planning and gathered most of its light from clear story windows. Churches evolved into monumental and elaborate structures equaling or outdoing the pagan temples before them. Christian paintings, frescoes and mosaics however, were still governed by abstraction. They usually depicted Old Testament themes

10 Informative Essay Topics on Art in Late Antiquity

10 Informative Essay Topics on Art in Late Antiquity If you are tasked with writing an informative essay on art in Late Antiquity, review the 10 facts below. These are taken from across the specified time period and across the different movements in art which were revered by religious leaders and the general public alike. Be sure to review all ten in order to find something substantial and ideally suitable for your next writing assignment: Art transformed from the Middle Ages where it focused on bright colors to draw attention to the contrast between the main characters within the artwork in pieces symbolizing of love and sensuality. Painters of the Renaissance period used lighting and the force of contrast and shadow effects, drawing attention to the fact that love has different forms, not just an emotional response but also the love of body and sensuality. The Middle Ages would focus upon the same content, using different artistic ideals to convey sacred ideas. This piece focuses on displaying scenes from the Bible with contrast in lighting meant to reflect the angelic nature of man or prophets to those pieces. During the Middle Ages, the religious movement which came from this transitional period is referred to as â€Å"Modern Devotion† which encouraged people to seek a personal relationship with God through reading and meditating upon the scriptures (Davies 469). Soon there was an artistic movement of stressed Naturalism. This painting is consistent with the themes of the time, indicated by the subject and many other facets. Oil paintings which had a close resemblance to optimal reality became the major artistic style. Roman-based artists were spread throughout Rome and Europe and responded to the conflict with Humanism. Refinement became synonymous with Humanism for the emerging middle class. New definitions of beauty were explored by conscious artists who meant experimenting with ideal figure types, proportions, and unusual compositions. With Late Antiquity there came many changes, including the land conquest lead by Constantine, and after his anointment to power, the promotion of his new religion: Christianity. It is because of his triumph in battle that he had the Church of St. Peter constructed in its honor. This church would have been considered a temple by the Romans and the architecture used for it was typical of Roman public buildings. It assumed the name â€Å"basilica† as it encompassed the architectural traits of a basilica. Another aspect to the changing religious tides were related to the dead. The first centuries of Christianity brought with them the catacombs, or underground network of passages in which to bury the dead. Inside of these buildings were found paintings and artwork on the walls and ceilings which showed scenes of salvation. The catacombs of the Late Antiquity period were underground passageways which were used to bury the dead. Inside of the catacombs were cubicula’s which were small rooms known as mortuary chapels. The Loculi were the openings in the walls where the dead were received. During this period the earliest figure represented across the artwork found in many architectural triumphs and older buildings alike include is Christ in his role as the Good Shepherd. The altar’s location within the churches was significant, typically aligned toward the east. With Late Antiquity architecture, ambulatory was the passageway which surrounded the altar of a church. The apse was the endpoint of that altar’s location. The atrium was the courtyard of the church or of a Roman house. In Christian architecture, having an axially planned church was symbolic of an ideal and this took form in a basilica. From the clerestory, or third window of the church, one might have a better view of the sunken panel located inside of the ceiling, as well as the entrance into catacombs. It was common for a lunette to be present over a doorway, a crescent-shaped space, inside of which paintings or sculptures were held. Some of the more famous sculptures from this period include the Four Tetrarchs, which came from the Late Antiquity period around 305 A.D. The Emperor Diocletian converted the empire of the time into four administrative units each of which were governed by a tetrarch. The porphyry group was shown as all four looking alike in the statues and artwork in order to suggest unity and stability. Constantine was able to defeat the former tetrarch Maxentius during the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The defeat was captured in the beautiful sculpture. Another sculpture is the colossal head of Constantine, which came from the Late Antiquity period and is dated to between 310 and 330 A.D. His head is like many statues of Constantine which were designed with a message: the open and unblinking eyes were meant to tell his people that he was always watching. One of the more famous large artistic pieces is the Ravenna in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia. This mausoleum is covered with a beautiful painting which takes up the lunette over the doorway. It is dated to between 425 and 500 A.D. A piece of famous architecture from this period is the Basilica of Constantine located in Trier in Germany. This building represents a great many of the famous Late Antiquity aspects, including the clerestory, the sunken ceiling panels, the lunette, the apse, and the ambulatory. Churches during this time used a chalice, or cup, during their ceremonies. It was also heavily integrated into the artwork which came from that period. They also used the first four books, or Gospels written by the Four Evangelists. In the artwork from this time period Matthew was construed as an eagle. Mark was painted as a lion. Luke was portrayed as a bull. John was also painted as an eagle. The mausoleums or tombs were another type of building modeled artistically after Roman buildings. They were important because the burials took place outside of the city walls, while Christian churches sought to memorialize the dead and simultaneously show how unimportant the physical body was by incorporating the bodies into the ceremonies. This can be found in many artistic pieces. Purple was the imperial color, something which is seen throughout the artwork from this period. The Porphyry stone was reserved for the emperors because it had that bright purple color so regularly associated with the leadership of the time. These 10 facts should give you a good idea about the art in late antiquity. You may also check our 20 subtopics on this matter and a guide on how to write an informative essay on it. References: Brown, Peter Robert Lamont.  The world of late antiquity, AD 150-750. Harcourt College Pub, 1971. Davies, Penelope. Janson’s History of Art: The Western Tradition (Upper Saddle River, NJ 2006. Doar, Bruce G. The Great Wall of China: Tangible, Intangible and Destructable.China Heritage Newsletter  1 (Mar.-Apr. 2010). Print. Edmunds, Richard L.  Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy. Rep. no. 213. Chicago: University of Chicago: Department of Geography, 1985. Print. Fowden, Garth.  Empire to commonwealth: consequences of monotheism in late antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Mathews, Thomas F.  The clash of gods: a reinterpretation of early Christian art. Princeton University Press, 1999. Sambursky, Samuel.  The physical world of late antiquity. Princeton University Press, 2014.

Alyssa Bruce soc macdonadization Essays

Alyssa Bruce soc macdonadization Essays Alyssa Bruce soc macdonadization Paper Alyssa Bruce soc macdonadization Paper My first read over this hand out was a little hard, I had to re-read it multiple times to understand the different concepts, and to comprehend it. I feel like I have not lived long enough to feel the effects or even realize how I impact the world on a larger scale. I have heard people say that being in your asss is all about being selfish. You are pushed into trying to decide what to do with the rest of your life and pray that it makes you happy. So as a 21 year old who solely supports myself, I am just that, focused on work and school. As this adding states a lot of people are very focused in on themselves. Only when we are not so concerned about us and our lives can we see how we effect the world, or how the world affects us. I can definitely relate to the fact that am in my own private orb and I only let a small amount of things into my orb that I care about. The connection between our community, our society, and our America are all something that think most Americans truly care about. When we are not an important figure with in our society, we tend to forget that we may still have an impact on our America. Men and women in this day and age have grown to be content with in the middle class, usually coming from parents with more humble backgrounds. So the fact that because a majority of America is makeup of the middle class, we forget about the fact that we are relevant as a whole. All the middle classes make up communities, which make up states, which in turn make up America. We are not celebrities, or apart of the one percent, we are just middle class. We can relate to each other and rally behind others who work hard to achieve their dream. Because of this we have such a bigger impact on he world then I think we believe. The sociological imagination is something that I think a lot of people cant and dont want to understand. Most lower middle class families are only focused on one thing, and that is there family. I defiantly feel like it takes a community to raise a child, and when different children are brought up in different social classes they are shaped by that community. It take a certain type of person to care enough to have a social imagination, someone who not only cares about their family and community but also their impact on history. We read articles in the paper about war, heart break. We watch accounts of horrible stories and other sociological problems on the news. Most Of the time we dont relate it back to ourselves. We never imagine bad things happening to us, and then when we do, all we think about is us. Why me, why my family, we forget that things that have happened to us is happening all over the world. We may experience it in different ways, in which society had prepared us to deal with it, but we sometimes still forget that that we are not the only ones dealing with it.

Statistics Project, Political Science Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

, Political Science - Statistics Project Example The essay analyzes international politics comprehends state sovereignty, globalisation and international security, nuclear proliferation, ecological sustainability and nationalism, global finance and economic development, organised crime and terrorism, human security, human rights and foreign interventionism. The discussion highlights that the independent variable that was prevalent in these data sets was distribution of power in the global system. The dependent variable that stood out was foreign policy decision. The data sets could be found online by simply typing the name of the database and specify your topic later inside the site. The hypotheses developed include that states, all the times, act in line with their national interest/concern, or the interests/concerns of that state; the world is a dangerous place; a state’s main interest is self-protection; there is no overarching power, which can impose international rules and/or punish unlawfulness; ethical behaviour is extremely risky since it can affect a state’s capacity to safeguard itself; the global system itself influences states to apply military force; global institution and law have no force or power; they exist only provided that states acknowledge them, and; the wide ties among countries have both made it har d to describe national interest and diminished the worth of military power.This paper finds that distribution of power is negatively affected by international politics. This is because some nations seek to be above others.

Parenting Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting Plans - Essay Example Parenting plans must be in writing and must integrate important aspects of the law adhering to the best interest of the child. HRS 571-46.5 requires that a parenting plan be submitted by both parents in a disputed child custody proceeding. Both parties have the option to submit a joint or individual parenting plans. Parties involved must mutually agree on the proposed parenting plan if they were to submit it jointly. But if they have individual desires, they are mandated to submit their recommended parenting plans separately. Joint custody does not have to mean that each parent gets equal time with the child. What is essential is for them to share custody and come up with a custody schedule where both parents get involved with the child. A parenting plan must contain details concerning child visitation, schedules, decision making designation, access to important record or information and other provisions concerning the child. Detailed information regarding child visitation schedule a nd residential schedule is a must to avoid timetable overlap and future arguments. Regarding the schedule for holidays, birthdays and vacations, it should include when the schedule begins, when it will end and a provision for additional day extension.

Responsible for most of the global economic problems Essay Example for Free

Responsible for most of the global economic problems Essay Neo-liberalism is a political ideology that suggests that ‘human well-being can be advanced by the maximisation of entrepreneurial freedom, characterised by private property rights, individual liberty, free markets and free trade’ (Geografiskar, A 2006). In today’s modern society neo-liberalism is widespread around the globe with various stakeholders offering conflicting views. Some advocates, namely the capitalistic portion of society argue that a liberal market is essential for economic growth whilst others hold neo-liberalism responsible for the global economic problems we are experiencing today. It is clear to many that the policies arising from this ideology have caused the poor to grow poorer and the rich to grow richer. Accordingly, this essay will argue that Neo-Liberalism greatly contributed greatly to today’s global economic problems and will shed light on the overriding reasons why a neo-liberalism is not ideal to foster a sustainable and healthy economic environment for all as the ideology proposes. One of the primary economic problems in the world is sub-standard living conditions and the major gap between the wealthy and the non-wealthy. The first argument that encapsulates the problems associated with neo-liberalism is the tendency for the ideology to foster inequality in society. Navarro (1998) agrees and extends to say that neoliberalism has caused increasingly declining living conditions for most of the world’s population, whilst the minority continue to grow wealthier. This is supported by the argument that the inequality arises from policies that exist in a neo-liberal society such as granting tax-cuts for the wealthy and decreasing minimum wages for the non-wealthy (George, 1999). Pro neo-liberals would combat these arguments and suggest that a free market will grow the prosperity of a society as a whole however, it has been argued that although wealth might be increased, it is supressed by the elite and  the non-elite do not share in the economic growth making neoliberal ideologies on positive for one level of society (Beder, 2006). A prominent example is in Brazil where in the early 1990’s the country liberalised the market considerably, as a result the inflation rate decreased and the economy was stimulated however the living conditions of the general society did not improve and inequality was greater than ever (Amann Baer, 2002). Brazil still continues to grow poorer as neoliberal ideologies now control the vast majority of Latin America increasing the inequality amongst majority of society. Therefore it can be concluded that neo-liberalism is a major contributor to global economic problems such as inequality and sub-standard living conditions. When governments implement neoliberal ideologies it causes regulatory agencies to be taken over by special interests and anti-government groups which reduces the level of protection for the general public. Deregulation is the â€Å"the reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry†. (investopedia, 2013). From a neoliberal supporter’s standpoint, deregulation allows corporations to increase their bottom line and profit margins by reducing regulations that may restrict them from certain income-producing activities. However, by reducing regulation there are large risks involved that can lead to catastrophic events. The enormous ecological and economic damage in the Gulf of Mexico caused by the British Petroleum oil spill is just one of many examples of the breakdown of regulation caused by neoliberalism. It has also come to light around the globe that the reduction of government oversight of the financial sector was a leading cause of the mortgage loan crisis and the severe economic recession that it triggered. The most prominent and possibly the most notable market crash is the ‘Global Financial Crisis’ which was a direct repercussion of the neo-liberal policies which were implemented at the time and for which many of today’s global economic problems has stem from. These policies predominately include the replacement of government functions and services with profit-seeking entities, or more commonly known as privatisation and most importantly the deregulation of the economic market (Beder, 2006). Due to the deregulation, financial institutions and other economic players were able to invest in more complex financial markets which were beyond their understanding and a result a market crash occurred and the detrimental effects were widespread. If regulation had been put in place to monitor investment activity then it has been argued that the Global Financial Crisis would not have occurred and the associated global economic problems we are experiencing today would not have eventuated (Dag Einar Thorsen, 2013). As neoliberal policies where implemented around the world casing the global financial crisis the world disparities in wealth and income increased as well as poverty, contradicting neoliberal theories that by increasing the wealth at the top everyone becomes better off. One of the largest areas of concern around the globe is the poverty levels. Over the last 40 years governments have been influenced by neoliberal ideologies and poverty has increased on a global scale. Neoliberalism has contributed to this increase by boycotting certain government regulations and cutting tax rates, providing private industries with more power to grow wealthier while the poor suffer the consequences. A representative from the World Bank stated â€Å"Reducing government regulation with tax rates and deregulation across most of the planet has not brought anything close to an end of poverty†, (World Bank 2001). Neoliberal advocates believe that wealth generated by reducing regulation and allowing private enterprises such as banks and financial institutions to hold more power will be passed down to all levels of society. However, this is not the case, an example is the United states, under Neoliberal governments child poverty rose by a third and in the â€Å"united kingdom between 1980 and 1990 when the government was run by neoliberal policies poverty rose by half†.( Navarro, Vicente. 1998). The high volume of capital movements caused by neoliberalism have led to much crisis, exposing developing countries to new risks. There are various reasons why neoliberal policies have failed to address the issues of poverty in society. One of these reasons being the stability policies neoliberalism has input into our governments, supported by tight fiscal and monetary controls which have provided neither growth nor stabilization within countries’ economies. (Geografiskar, A 2006). The liberalisation of foreign trade was put in place to remove the barriers of developing countries but maintenance of these barriers has given birth to an unfair international market. Thoroughly linked with poverty, another major economic human problem that neoliberalism has failed to resolve is  employment. Global markets have not generated anything close to enough waged work for the world’s labour force. Hundreds of millions of people remain unemployed or underemployed. Neoliberalism ideologies are set through government to generate wealth in private industries, this wealth aims to grow business’s and by doing this aims to increase employment. However, owing to the neo-liberal economic reforms, the higher costs of utilities like power and water are caused by the government reducing expenditure, when services become privatized, such as transport, health and education which the leads to business’s enhancing their turnover. â€Å"As a result of the diminishment government owned industries and the economic agents cut back on output growth rates and downsize the number of employees, inevitably generating unemployment† (Daniela Zirra, 2012.). Private industries continue to aim for increasing profits, this is achieved by lowering expenses and when their main expenses are wages the unemployment rate continues to rise. Current debates concerning the effects of neoliberalism ideologies have frequently separated between advocates who see only benefits and opponents who see only problems. In practice the results have been more one sided. Alternatively many people have faith in in the Neoliberalism ideology’s and argue towards supporting it as the way of the future. The mixture of positives and negatives has varied between one situation and another; the negatives of a neoliberal society are far more detrimental to our economy than what the positives produce. I argue that Neoliberals re responsible for most of the global economic problems we are currently experiencing today. It will be hard to stop governments enforcing Neoliberal policies and standards as ‘Neo-liberal theories have been embraced by big businesses because they provide legitimisation for their pursuit of self-interest and avenues for business expansion (Beder, 2006). However, we can look towards a more positive future for all levels of society, reducing the global economic problems we face today by standing together and fighting against Neo-liberal beliefs. Referencing Amann, Edmund and Werner Baer. 2002. â€Å"Neoliberalism and Its Consequences in Brazil.† Journal of Latin American Studies 34(4):945-959. http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=376 2011  Beder, Sharon (2000). Selling the work ethic: : From puritan pulpit to corporate PR. Australia Daniela Zirra, 2012. CURRENT NEOLIBERAL IDEAS ABOUT EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT . Romanian Economic and Business Review – Vol. 4, No. 1. — Elizabeth Martinez and Arnoldo Garcia, What is â€Å"Neo-Liberalism†?, National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, January 1, 1997 George, Susan. 1999. â€Å"A Short History of Neoliberalism.† Presented at the Conference on Economic Sovereignty in a Globalising World, March 24-26, Bangkok, Thailand. Geografiskar, A. Series B, Human Geography , Vol. 88, No. 2, Geography and Power, the Power of Geography (2006), pp. 145-158 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography . Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/stable/3878384 Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order. Seven Stories Press. November 1998. ISBN 1-888363-82-7 1998†(John Williamsons Washington Consensus,1998. Navarro, Vicente. 1998. â€Å"Neoliberalism, ‘Globalization,’ Unemployment, Inequalities, and the Welfare State.† International Journal of Health Services 28(4):607-682. Neoliberalism, globalization, unemployment, inequalities, and the welfare state. Navarro V 2012. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-1901, USA. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/14/neoliberal-theory-economic-failure http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1220context=artspapers http://willyloman.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/as-expected-sequestration-cuts-are-neoliberal-blueprint-not-dumb-mistakes/ Title: Guidelines for Public Debt Management Published: 20010, World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

Serial Killer :: Serial Killer Essays

Serial killer is a person who kills three or more people with a cooling off period between murders and these murders may go on for a period of months or years. The murders that this person commits may have similar fashion or the victims may have something in common, for example, occupation, race, appearance, sex, or age group. Psychology is the science and study of human behavior and mental processes. Moreover, it is the study of human minds and its function. Krafft-Ebing (1886) found that the serial killer had been through cruelty of animal; enjoy the torture and the pain of their victim during his or her childhood period. Moreover, the mothers of these serial killers were most of time working or doing other things and usually the father were absent. These children experience rejection and lack of attention, therefore, this child grows up having low self-esteem. Research show that adults that gone through abuse and violent behavior during their childhood were three times more likely to become violent as adult more than the non abused adults (Dutton & Hart, 1992). Freud (1940) was the first to do the link between sexual abuses during the childhood and adult abnormal behavior. As a result of that serial killer uses sex as a way to let out his or her anger and aggression. The sexually acts of the serial killer is not only about sex, but it is about revenge, power, and control. â€Å"Serial killers are unconsciously trying to kill off their repressed sexual pain and powerlessness. Every stab into the victim’s flesh is a stab against their own childhood sexual terror and pain, and the rage that accompanies it is a rage against those who tormented and terrorized† (Knight, 2006, p. 1199-1200). To take off the aggression and need to compensate the horrible memories of the childhood explain the reason why serial killers abuse animals during their childhood. When they were children they control pets and they can harm them knowing that the animals can fight back. Therefore, they feel themselves as if they were in absolute power. This animal torture later will turn in to human victim torture. Charister Clause and Lars Lidberg (1999) used five characteristics from Shahriar disorder that are common among serial killers.

“Australian Rules” essay Essay

Australian rules is set in a small rural town, where the relationships between the white townspeople and the Aboriginal people on the mission are complex, conflicted and marred by deeply entrenched racism. The local football team in many ways serves to represent the town, it reflects the conflicted relationship between the white people and the Aboriginal people- we begin to understand this as the film unfolds. Other themes inherent in the film are themes of family, love, loyalty and violence- the secrecy of domestic violence and the more overt forms of racial violence that spill out onto the public spheres of the football field and the pub. The opening narration informs us that half the football team is Aboriginal and that there would not be a football team without the Aboriginal players, therefore we understand how the town team relies on the talent and number of the Aboriginal players. We then witness the contradiction of the white and Aboriginal boys playing side by side as team members followed by the social segregation between the members after the match. This segregation is highlighted by Blacky (a white boy from town) and Dumby (an Aboriginal boy who is the best player on the team) whose friendship transcends these borders and we also witness ways that this segregation between the white teenager and Aboriginal teenagers is culturally imposed by certain adults. In one of the beginning scenes, just after a football match, Dumby and Blacky want to ‘hang out’ together, but Dumby is taken back to the mission by an older friend and Blacky cannot follow. Blacky, Clarence and Dumby all call out to each other ‘Nukkin ya’ and this use of Aboriginal language between two Aboriginal teenagers and Blacky the white boy signifies the level of their friendship and mutual acceptance. Pickles’ comment to Blacky that ‘now he even talks like one’, symbolises the town’s disapproval of such respect for Aboriginal culture and Aboriginal people. The character of Pretty, Dumby’s older friend from the mission, plays an important role in the film. He was once a talented football player himself but no longer ‘kicks goals for whitefellas’ and he is significant because he is the main character to verbalise that Aboriginal people are treated  differently and unfairly. He is somewhat aggressive in his approach, expressing bitterness and resentment, yet it is implied that his approach is reactionary to the way he has been treated, and his statementsoverlooked by the white coach- are significant examples of changing responses to uneven power dynamics. For example the white coach tells Dumby to make sure all the Aboriginal team players turn up to the next match and Pretty interjects stating that it doesn’t work that way anymore, his metaphor of ‘yes sir, no sir, three bags full sir’, clearly refers to the history of Aboriginal people being used as servants and points out that the coach’s approach of ordering Dumby around is no longer appropriate. Unfortunately the coach does not take this message on and rather than acknowledging the Aboriginal boys as talented, valuable and indeed essential team players, he nervously treats them as unreliable boys who may destroy the team’s chances by not turning up. This attitude of relying on Aboriginal talent, whilst refusing to appropriately acknowledge this talent is made explicitly clear during the award giving ceremony that takes place after the team win the finals. Pretty is made to leave the ceremony after he disputes the truth of a speech about the egalitarian nature of football ‘where you can be anyone, from anywhere, and receive the recognition you deserve’. Pretty is immediately proved to be right when the awards are given only to white boys, and Dumby, who is obviously the most talented player on the team is left completely unacknowledged. There is a direct shift in Dumby’s response and he becomes more like Pretty, demonstrating anger and resentment, rather than his normal cheerful, co operative self. This gives us insight into Pretty’s character and how he may have developed the attitude that he has towards white people. Pretty and Dumby’s break-in to the pub that very night can be interpreted as a direct response to the unfairness of the award ceremony- although there are characters, such as the coach, who are not willing to see the connection. The fact that Dumby is then murdered by Blacky’s father is a complicated event with many layers of meaning. The insights we have been given about Blacky’s father prior to the shooting is that of a man who dominates his family, puts down his sons for showing vulnerability and who physically abuses his wife. There are  instances in which we can see links between the violence he demonstrates towards his family and the verbal and physical violence he feels justified in displaying towards Dumby, and then later towards Dumby’s sister, Clarence. There is a scene in which the father physically attacks Blacky and forces Blacky to declare loyalty to him (regarding the shooting), meanwhile verbally abusing Clarence with racial slurs and ordering her to get out of his house. During this scene the camera pans onto the faces of the Blacky’s mother and siblings and we see how domestic and racial violence become enmeshed, that the father’s attack on Blacky for being with Clarence is an act of violence that hurts his whole family. Interestingly it is Clarence who is the least cowed in this scene, she does not show fear and walks out with dignity. In this way we can see how control and domination is a particular pattern in this family, but is not taken on by Clarence. In many ways, the shooting, and the following events, are catalysts for great changes, both in the town, and more specifically in Blacky’s family. Blacky rejects his parent’s demands to maintain loyalty to his father and instead Blacky remains loyal to his friendship with Dumby. Blacky’s rejection of his father’s authority instigates other members of the family, such as his mother and next youngest brother who subtly take Blacky’s side. The scene where his brother urges him to get up and face his father, (when his father beat him to the ground), symbolises the request of his family for Blacky to represent them all and challenge the father’s authority. The resolution of the film sees the father gone, leaving Clarence and Blacky happily together but planning to this town ‘that has nothing for them’. The fate of the town is not so happy, the boys from the mission won’t come to town and there is no longer a football team. In many ways we can see how Australian rules reflects the complexities of human relationships- of love and loyalty and hatred and violence, and clearly demonstrates how deeply entrenched racism hurts everyone. The town, through its racism has destroyed the tentative trust of the Aboriginal people and has lost its ‘glory’- its winning football team. Its seems empty, a place only good for leaving.

The Invention Of The Airplane - 1013 Words

Airplanes are sometimes considered one of the most overlooked inventions. This is often because people overlook the power of airplanes. It is amazing to think how two brothers created something used by thousands of people a day. Airplanes are usually the quickest method of transportation for people traveling long distances. They can also be used to travel across large bodies of water, whereas, ships would take a much longer time. The invention of the airplane was not easy. Airplanes were also not safe, originally. Over time, though, airplane travel has become one of the most safest methods for travel. One of the most greatest twentieth-century inventions was none other than the airplane. After its invention, the growth of people using airplanes and the quality of airplanes grew rapidly. This was due to the innovations during the two world wars. Airplanes not only help travelers, but they also have created an industry. Some examples of airplane industries include aircraft constructio n companies, engine makers, general equipment makers, and many others (The Invention of the Airplane and the Rise of the Airplane Industry for Military and Civilian Purposes). Men have dreamed of flying for centuries before the first airplane was even created. Leonardo da Vinci has drawn pictures of airplane-like vehicles even during the late 1400s. During the late 1700s, the first hot air balloon soared over Paris. This was the first example of some sort of vehicle that flew. During theShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Airplane1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has had multiple inventions in its short lifespan, but one stands out above the rest. The invention of the airplane in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright was only the beginning of something that would change the world forever. The airplane is still used today to travel around the world at a much faster pace than a boat. 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The U.S. Constitution Article I Class 8 stated that progress innovated by Science and Arts are secured by limitedRead MoreThe Airplane Has Changed The Course Of The Western World Forever888 Words   |  4 PagesJoshua Poirrier Mrs. Elliott English III 9 May 2017 The Airplane Effect Orville Wright once said, â€Å"The airplane stays up because it doesn’t have the time to fall.† The ingenuity of the Wright brothers’ airplane design has changed the course of the Western world forever. The invention of the aircraft positively affected American society by providing a quicker way of traveling, having an influence on warfare, and implementing a better economy in the United States. When the aeroplane was assembledRead MoreThe History and Development of Aircraft763 Words   |  4 PagesOne very influential inventions in the early 20th century is the aircraft. Ever since the design set by the Wright brothers, it has changed in both shape and size. Throughout history people have always found a reason to travel, and now this new type of invention is allowing people to travel farther and move faster. Everyone, no matter your color, race, or gender, is allowed to travel by this new form of transportation. The evolution of the plane played a major impact on the ability to travel, sinceRead MoreTransportation in the 1800s1136 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the beginning of time, till now. I mean technology itself has transformed the word. New inventions are created each day, improving machines, and almost everything. Throughout history people have created things that have made life easier. Transportation has always been very important. It has been a huge part of history . Of course like every other resource it had its pros and cons. Automobiles, airplanes, boats, and trains during the 1800s were all being invented. Before life was harsh