Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 992 Words

The liver is known in the medical community as a miracle organ because is it the only known organ in the human body that can regenerate itself if half of it is cut out. Tissue regeneration has always been a desirable fantasy, but now it is almost a possibility. Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells that, although unspecialized, can differentiate into various specialized cells, such as nerves, muscle, skin, or even blood. Sadly, controversy surrounds this relatively new scientific concept and it threatens to destroy the potential of this discovery before scientists even have a chance to study it thoroughly. Human embryonic stem cell research should be permitted to advance due to the potential of being able to treat or cure diseases, and the additional knowledge that the scientific community can gain about human development. Because of their ability to differentiate into specialized cells, embryonic stem cells can have the potential of treating a wide range of diseases. Some of these diseases include heart disease, Parkinson s disease, and diabetes (Kelly 5). The regenerative properties of stem cells allow scientists to potentially restore damaged muscle, and perhaps even damaged nerve tissue. The discovery of embryonic stem cells is so important that it opened up a new field of medicine called regenerative medicine. Although embryonic stem cells are not the answer to all diseases known to man, other types of stem cells are being used to effectively treatShow MoreRelatedHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1625 Words   |  7 PagesProduction and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, the Pontifical Academy for Life presents the field of stem cell research with a statement regarding the official Roman Catholic position on the moral aspects of acquiring and using human embryonic stem cells.  They have declared that it is not morally legitimate to produce or use human embryos as a source of stem cells, nor is it acceptable to u se stem cells from cell lines already established. Thus, bringing up the conflictingRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research2490 Words   |  10 PagesFederal Government to fund stem cell research through the National Institute of Health. There are various types of stem cells, but the policy issue mainly covers human embryonic stem cells. This policy revokes President George W. Bush s executive order 13435 which put heavy limitations on federal funding for stem cell research. Although this policy has already taken effect, there are still bans and immense regulation on particular methods of human embryonic stem cell extraction that involve theRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1901 Words   |  8 Pages Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are cells that have not yet differentiated, or will divide into other cells that will then differentiate. These cells have the ability to develop into any type of cell that the body requires during development and growth. The value of stem cells for research comes from the ability to develop into specialized cells, a process known as differentiation, under experimental conditions. Naturally, stem cells regularly repair or replace damaged tissues. ScientificallyRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1313 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Rogers Kendra Gallos English III Honors 18 April 2016 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, or HES cell research, is a very controversial ethical debate. This issues is a dilemma for scientist, religious activist, and many more. HES cell research is being disputed because the practice is morally wrong. The other side of the issue stands with many scientist, being that they see the potential lives it could save in the long run. Religious activist, andRead More Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay4185 Words   |  17 PagesHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Many scientists believe that research on human embryonic stem cells, components of human embryos created in laboratories, will eventually yield cures to a number of devastating human conditions including juvenile diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injuries. On August 9, 2001, President George W. Bush announced he would permit federally funded research on existing stem cells lines derived from human embryos. He prohibited the federal funding of researchRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells are the centre point for all growth and development. The centre point of life. Without them, there would not be humans, animals or even germs. Thanks to them, we can modify and enhance the human body when in its foetal form. The fear that a child will be born with hereditary disease, mutations and disabilities haunts the dreams of people today more than ever. But what if we could guarantee our children could be born disease free an d disability free? What if we could remove the gene thatRead MoreHuman Stem Cell Research : Ethical Dilemmas With The Utility Of Embryonic Stem Cells1879 Words   |  8 PagesTrevor McCarthy Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) research possesses ethical dilemmas with the utility of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from human blastocyst, one of the earliest stages of embryonic development. Embryonic stem cell derivation is controversial because there are different opinions and beliefs on when an embryo is deserving of full moral status, equal to the moral respect, rights and treatment to that of a human being. ESCs extracted from a blastocyst will undergo experimentationRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos are essentially human b eings (In Stem-cell Research† Para. 3). The usage of such stem cells has causedRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagescure a disease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up beingRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesGehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell research, a multitude of cures have

Practical Life Essay - 1168 Words

Practical Life Written Examination Paper By Ben(Zhibin Xu) Capital College California In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Credential of Montessori Teacher May , 2013 Under the Supervision of Ms. Evelyn You are asked to set up a practical life area in the classroom. What are the principles you must take into consideration in designing the practical life materials? I’ll consider the function and manageability, good looks and aesthetic appeal, proportions, completeness, color coordination, control of error, safety and respect for tools, interest, cleanliness, price, availability, readiness, work potential, sequence, organization, order, adaptability,†¦show more content†¦Parents who are unfamiliar with Montessori education may feel that Practical Life activities are a waste of time. Why is my child learning how to wash dishes when they should be learning how to do something more academic, like math? Math, reading, and language all require one to have the ability to focus, to be able to complete a task with logical and sequential steps, to concentrate, to make intelligent choices, and to see a task from start to finish. This is precisely the intent of the Practical Life activities. Through the Practical Life work, children learn to calmly go about their work and to take pleasure and satisfaction from their efforts. For exampl e, Through study care of self. Children will learn how to wash hands, how to brush teeth , how to pack a lunch, how to pack an overnight bag, and how to tie shoes.These activities provide the means for children to become physically independent. It is very important for child to learn how to take care of themselves ,how to grow up and how to be independence. As one of your goals for this year you would like the children to be able to sew a button. List the sequence of exercises over the year that you would make available to the children so that they would have the opportunity to develop the ability to successfully sew a button. Bean transfer using the whole hand, bean transfer using 2 glasses, transfer of pom-pom using tongs, cutting paper, waterShow MoreRelatedPractical Life2491 Words   |  10 Pagesindependent. Therefore, the first active manifestation of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through the activity he may arrive at independence. * Dr. Maria Montessori Comment on the above quote and explain how the Montessori practical life exercises help the child to become independent. â€Å"No one can be free unless he is independent. Therefore, the first active manifestations of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through this activity he may arrive at independenceRead MorePractical Life Essay2627 Words   |  11 PagesDMT 104 Practical Life (Assignment One) Montessori in the Absorbent Mind writes that â€Å"the hands are instruments of man’s intelligence†. It is therefore critical that children develop the ability to control and coordinate their hand muscle so that these can come into contact with the environment in intelligent ways. Discuss the principles underlining the practical life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. Introduction A child in the first six years becomes a full memberRead MoreMontessori Practical Life2675 Words   |  11 PagesThe baby is not an inert or passive being, but a â€Å"creative† individual, actively struggling to grow and learn. There is an unconscious urge, a life force or horme that works untiringly, but this work of the child cannot achieve perfect development if the conditions are not right.† Discuss a perfect prepared environment, stimulating his needs for emotional, intellectual stimulation, hygienic precaution and his physical growth. â€Å"There is a play of instincts within a child not only with respect toRead MoreMontessori Practical Life2659 Words   |  11 PagesThe baby is not an inert or passive being, but a â€Å"creative† individual, actively struggling to grow and learn. There is an unconscious urge, a life force or horme that works untiringly, but this work of the child cannot achieve perfect development if the conditions are not right.† Discuss a perfect prepared environment, stimulating his needs for emotional, intellectual stimulation, hygienic precaution and his physical growth. â€Å"There is a play of instincts within a child not only with respectRead MoreDiscuss the principle underlying the Practical Life exercises and how it fosters independence in children2233 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Discuss the principle underlying the Practical Life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. What is Practical Life exercise? Practical life exercise means the basic everyday life, all the things we need to for daily living. Dr Maria Montessori felt that children need to be shown and given opportunities so that they learn how to do everyday living activities in a purposeful way. â€Å"The child can only develop by means of experience in his environment. We call such experience workRead MorePractical Life Exercises in Montessori and Development of Social Skills3587 Words   |  15 Pagesin the environment. Sensitivity to co-ordination of movement: In this period, the child has an involuntary inclination to perform and repeat movement purely for the sake of gaining greater and more precise control. Sensitivity to social aspect of life: Children pay special attention to other children of their own age. The work of Sensitive period enables recognizable affections and friendships to develop. In this way, the child learns to be part of a group. Sensitive periods provide childrenRead MoreDr. Ron Crandalls Philosophy Of Discipleship, Leadership, And Church Growth1437 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Ron Crandall holds a doctoral degree in Pastoral Theology from Fuller Theological Seminary. He retired in 2008 from Ashbury Theological Seminary in Kentucky, where he was a professor of evangelism and practical theology. He has served as an Elder in the United Methodist Church and is now the Executive Director of ABIDE. ABIDE the program that he helped come up with to revitalize churches. Crandall has researched and written in the areas of evangelism, leadership, and church growth. He is bestRead MoreThe Three Little Pigs By Joseph Jacobs2629 Words   |  11 PagesThere are three little pigs that are brothers, Practical Pig, Fiddler Pig, and Fifer Pig, who build their own houses to live in. Each brother plays a different musical instrument. Fifer pig plays the flute saying, â€Å"toots his flute, doesn’t give a hoot and plays around all day† (The Three Little Pigs). Fiddler Pig plays the fiddle saying, â€Å"with a hey diddle diddle, plays on his fiddle and dances all kinds of jigs†(The Three Little Pigs). Practical Pig plays the Piano but he has, â€Å"no chance to singRead More Responses to the Challenge of Amoralism Essay example3571 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophy aims at rational persuasion, not at generating motives to act. Nor does it aim to justify morality in terms of prudence, law, custom, or etiquette. Indeed, such a justification is impossible. But we should not be disturbed about this. The moral life is not called into question by showing that it does not reduce to a concern for custom, prudence, etc., any more than prudence is called into question by showing that it does not reduce to a concern for morality. (4) Thus, Alf’s question is sillyRead MoreIn Part One Of This Assignment I Discussed My Experiences1326 Words   |  6 PagesIn part one of this assignment; I discussed my experiences as a Licensed Practical Nurse. I recalled into some of the biggest hurdles I tackled and now I envision the challenges, I may face during the transition. In this paper, I will be further discussing the transition from Licensed practical nurse to Registered nurse. The focus is on the responsibilities of a RN and stages of change in becoming a student once again. As I discussed in my video, there are challenges that I will face in the upcoming

Maples Group v Simmons and Simmons

Question: Discuss about the Maples Group v Simmons and Simmons. Answer: Introduction: Can Aldi Supermarkets is negligent in their action. If yes, then can the supermarket protect itself under the defenses of negligence? The law of tort is a very important part of common law. The law of tort comprises of several other laws, such as, defamation, nuisance, negligence etc. The law of negligence simply states that no defendant should harm any plaintiff by his actions or omissions. But, in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) it was held that if the defendant does so then he has committed an offence and is considered to be negligent. (P Latimer, 2012) But, it is not always that the defendant can be held negligent. There are few conditions which must be proved, which are called the essential elements of negligence. Duty of care - When the defendant does any act or omission, then, it is a duty in law that by his acts or omissions there should be no impairment that is caused to any person (plaintiff) (Electro Optics Systems West v NSW [2012]) If there are chances of any impairment, then, the defendant should not pursue with his acts. This duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on the defendant but the obligation can only be imposed provided: Proximity The defendant and plaintiff should share the relationship of proximity. Proximity implies that the plaintiff is placed at such a position so that any act/omission assumed by the defendant will affect the plaintiff directly, thereby making the plaintiff the neighbor of the defendant. It is an obligation on defendant to provide care to his neighbors (Graham Barclay Oysters v Ryan (2002)). Forseeability The defendant when assuming any of his acts or omissions, then, he is duty bound to give protection to the plaintiffs for those impacts which he can foresee reasonably. If the defendant can envisage the impact of his acts then he should provide duty of care to the plaintiffs (Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Stavar [2009]). (M Eburn, 2013) Breach The defendant once imposed with the duty of care should follow the same. But, many a times the defendant fails to accommodate the duty of care that is imposed upon him in law. This non discharge of duty is called breach of duty of care (Paris v Stepney Borough Council[1950]. The duty is said to be breached when the level of protection that is anticipated from the defendant is not provided. The level of protection is not same in all situations. If the plaintiff is a child then the level is high, but, when the plaintiff is an adult then the level of protection is not very high (Boltonv Stone [1951]. Also, when the resultant damage is high then the level of protection that is sought from the acts or omission of the defendant is also high and vice versa. (Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980). (Oxbridgenotes, 2014) Damages The duty of care when is not followed by the defendant, then, such failure must cause some kind of injury to the plaintiff. The injury that is caused should be the direct result of the acts of the defendant (causation). If the injury is not the resultant effect of the defendant failure, then, the defendant is not negligent. Further, the loss that is caused to the plaintiff should not be remote in nature (Allied Maples Group v Simmons Simmons [1995]. (Souper M, 2008) The plaintiff has to prove all the above elements to make a defendant negligent in his actions. When the defendant is an occupier of the premises, then, he is also imposed with a duty of care to provide safe environment to his visitors. When the premises is not safe or if the defendant is not able to keep the premises safe, then, the duty is said to be breached and any loss that is caused because of such breach will make the occupier of the premises negligent in his actions. Every defendant once proved to be negligent can still protect him under thedefense of contributory negligence by establishing the fact that the plaintiff has also indulged in some act/omission which has also contributed to the loss of the plaintiff. In such scenario, the liability that is imposed upon the defendant is reduced proportionately to the wrong that is incurred by the plaintiff himself (Astley Ors V. Austrust Limited(1999). Application Tamara visits the supermarket and found the last piece of her favorite brand. She ran very fast (as another customer was approaching) and fell over the melted ice cream. She suffers injuries. After understating the facts, it is submitted that Tamara can sue the supermarket under the law of negligence because: The Aldi supermarket is the owner of the store and it is its duty that the store must be safe for its visitors. This duty is extended to Tamara as she is the neighbor of the supermarket because they are in proximate relationship because any act or omission by the supermarket will affect Tamara directly. Also, the supermarket is duty bound to provide protection against all such acts or omission the effect of which it can reasonably predict. The supermarket failed in its duty to provide protection. This is because the staff of the supermarket only cleans the aisle every 40 minutes knowing the facts that there are many customers who are moving down the aisle and there are chances of accident. So the level of care is not met. This breach has caused harm to Tamara who is direct and predictable. So, the supermarket is negligent. But, the supermarket can take the defense of contributory negligence because Tamara ran very fast in order to take the chocolate knowing the fact that she might slip. But still she preferred to run very fast and thus has contributed to her loss. So, the liability of supermarket can be reduced to the contribution of Tamara. Conclusion The supermarket is liable under the law of negligence for causing harm to Tamara but it can take the defense of contributory negligence as Tamara has contributed to her own loss by running very fast. Reference List M Eburn (2013) Do Australian fire brigades owe a common law duty of care? A review of three recent cases, Victorian Law Journals. Oxbridgenotes (2014) negligence- Breach of duty. University of Sydney. P Latimer (2012) Australian Business Law, CCH Australia Limited, 2012. Souper M (2008) Sixth law Forum, Allied Maples Group v Simmons Simmons [1995]. Astley Ors V. Austrust Limited(1999). Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Stavar [2009] NSWCA 258. Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). Electro Optics Systems West v NSW [2012] ACTSC 184. Graham Barclay Oysters v Ryan (2002) 211 CLR 540, [149]. Paris v Stepney Borough Council[1950] UKHL 3. Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980)

Master of Public Health Maternity and Health Care Centre

Question: Discuss about theMaster of Public Health for Maternity and Health Care Centre Answer Introduction: The report aims to study the condition of the quality of service provided by the maternity and health care centre located at Nano district in Uttar Pradesh, India. The report contains data about the condition of the patients. A sample of 50 patients was taken for the study. They were asked questions about responsibility of service, satisfaction with the staff, reasonable fees of the hospitals, quality of service provided by the hospitals, behavior of the staff and others. The data in the assignment has been analyzed with the help of various statistical graphs and tests. The analysis of the data will help to explain the condition of healthcare centers and the opinion of the patients regarding the treatment procedures in those places. Results: The dataset contains questions about the responsibility of the staff, satisfaction with the staff, reasonable price, affordable price, waiting time, comfort in asking question and others. The bar diagram for responsibility of staff mainly contains three levels Agree, Strongly agree, disagree. The bar diagram clearly states that most of the people agrees that the staffs are responsible (Refer appendix graph 1).The bar diagram for the variable responsibility of the staff also quotes the same figure (Refer appendix graph 2).The graph of the variable reasonable price and whether the prices are affordable or not also quotes the same figures (Refer appendix graph 4 5). The time of waiting and the opinion about the waiting time are also explained with the help of a bar diagram (Refer appendix graph 7 8). The waiting time has all total 9 categories. The frequency is highest in the case of the class 31 60 minute and 5-30 minutes. The frequency distribution about the opinion of waiting tim e however shows that the patients are not satisfied with the waiting time. The research also asks different questions about the opinion of the patients regarding personal consulting, comfort in asking questions, confidentiality and others. The bar diagram for the three variable shows that most of the patients agree about the decisions. The t-test has been conducted in order to test whether the mean value between the two variables vary. The variables like respect from staff and reasonable price has some sort of correlation among themselves. The hypothesis of the t test is H0: 1= 2 against H1: 1 2 (Xie et al., 2013). The p-value of the test for the above two variables is 0.048. The null hypothesis gets rejected as the probability value is less than significance level. Therefore, it could be concluded that the mean value of the two variables are not equal (Kruschke, 2013). This implies that the patients has not given the same response for the variables respect from staff and satisfaction with staff (Refer appendix table 1) The next t-test has been conducted between the variables reasonable price and affordable price. The t-test has been conducted in the same way as for the first two variables. The probability value of the test which is 0.9 indicates that the null hypothesis of the test is accepted (Refer appendix table 2). The t-test has also been conducted between the variables comfortable in asking questions and private consultation. The t test results suggests that the null hypothesis would be accepted. This indicates that the mean of the responses is same for both the variables (Refer appendix table 3). The t-test has also been done to see if the mean of the responses differ for the two variables confidential and doctor showing kindness. The t-test has been conducted in the same way as the others. The t test results suggest that the hypothesis for the test would be accepted at a significance level 0.05(Refer appendix graph 4). The t-test has also been conducted between the two variables satisfiedwexplain and satisfiedwvisit. The test has been accepted on the basis of the probability value. This explains that the mean values are same for the two variables(Refer appendix graph 5). Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn from the above analysis are as follows: The people have given average level of satisfaction regarding responsibility of staff, responsibility of doctors and others. Most of the patients however have shown dissatisfaction regarding the waiting time. The t-test results suggest that the patients have given different responses for respect from staff and satisfaction from staff. The patient response has stated that price figures are reasonable and is affordable to pay. Therefore it could be concluded from the analysis of the results that the patients are satisfied on an average regarding the fees, behavior of the staff, respect from staff, respect from doctors and other variables. The patients however has discontent regarding waiting time. The recommendation that follows from the study are: The concerned authorities should pay attention regarding the waiting time of the patients. The long waiting time cause dissatisfaction among the patients, therefore, affects the business. The study has been conducted taking only a very small sample of size 50 only. Such a sample is not desirable for a large population. The study could had been better if the sample size could had been a bit more. Some effective measure of data collection like stratified sampling and cluster sampling should be used. References: Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., ... Takano, T. (2013). Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.science,342(6156), 373-377. Kruschke, J. K. (2013). Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), 573.

What is race an Example by

What is race? The term race denotes the class one belongs in respect to some hereditary predispositions or characteristics. It is simply the classification of human beings into various categories depending on the likeness or similarities of their heritable character traits such as the color of their skin, texture of their hair or facial features. In this case, racism is the tendency to use ones race as the key determinant of how people should be treated thereby deeming some races as superior and others as inferior something that makes the latter be denied some rights, benefits or treatments. The essence of this paper is to illuminate light into what the term race according to various writers entails. Need essay sample on "What is race?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to Gilroy (2002), we have had very serious ramifications all attributed to racial thinking and classics examples of this is the killing of Jews in Germany by Hitler in what he termed as race purification and the suppression of blacks rights in the United States where oppressive Jim Crow rules were used. It is because of the issue of racism that African Americans were subjected to servitude in the Americas because they were regarded as hardy and energetic to work in plantations unlike other races. Those who are disadvantaged by racism try their best to challenge the density of racism they are accorded to them by others who consider themselves superior while the beneficiaries of the same fight for the status quo to remain. People who have historically been subordinated are trying to rise out of their racial cocoon demanding to be treated as human beings and not like objects through declassification of races (Gilroy, 2002; 12). Race itself is not something bad but its categorization has led to racial crisis in that important issues associated with ones race are ignored and given rise to others thereby paving way for more complicated problems. For people to free from racial thinking, people must be briefed on the historical importance of confronting it and why a step needs to be taken. Racism is something dynamic and is taking new form as time moves. There are many forms of race for example one that is tangible, that is one that can be used to trace ones origin a and another one which is subjective or that one which can be imposed on somebody through perception. In other situations, racism and its associated hostilities cease if one gets converted and behaves like the suppressor. It is because of this reason that Gilroy (2002) in his book challenges people to develop a constructive thinking where people are asked to reflect on the dangers of what he termed as race-thinking. He contends that racial thinking t hat has continued to persist even after people have made a significant move in bringing racism to an end bars the realization of fruits that democracy promises. In his book, Prophesy Deliverance, West (2002) poses a challenge to the blacks to adopt a Marxism approach into their thoughts and stop thinking that it is race itself that has rendered them powerless in the society. He contends that it is classification of races in a hierarchical manner that is the main reason why African Americans have remained down in the social ladder thereby being rendered powerless. This is the same thing that Gilroy (2000) tries to put across when he says that it is because of people trying to divide the society by using ones race to classify people that the progress that was achieved by Civil Rights Movement is waning. He brings to our attention how some achievements made by blacks in the 1960s for example in hip hop rise in the 1980s led them to be a respected race and at the same time shows how the place of black culture has been taken by corporate interests and cultural expressions. For this reason, people should stop thinking too much about the class they belong as it what has hampered the progress that was made by the civil rights movements in the 1960s. They should stop thinking that they are powerless because they belong to a particular class rather they should see racism as the problem. References: Gilroy, Paul. 2000. Against race: imagining political culture beyond the color line. 4th Edition. Harvard University Press. West, Cornel. 2002. Prophesy Deliverance! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity. Westminster John Knox Press.

Free Essays on Bacchae Women Vs. Salem Witches

Bacchae women vs. Salem witches The Witches of Salem can easily be compared to the women in Euripides Bacchae, both â€Å"worshiping† a divine creature. The frantic women in the Bacchae praised Dionysus, when others like Pentheus did not believe in him. While these â€Å"witches† in Salem found another source of belief, a heavenly creature. These women represented strength not insanity. The Bacchic celebration was an overjoyed group experience featuring dancing, costumes, music, wine, and ecstatic release out in nature away from the city in the wild, potentially dangerous nature of the mountains. It is a female experience, one that takes women of all ages away from their homes and their responsibilities. They tend to have amazingly irrational powers, beyond the traditional controls exercised by the male rulers of the city, which brought them into harmony with wild nature. Euripides stresses the beauty, energy, creativity, and communal joy of this Bacchic ritual, while at the same time repeatedly informing us of the destructive potential in it. The Bacchae, of the god Dionysus fell under the spell of Dionysus and became frenzied and performed wild Bacchic rituals. They danced ecstatically around, dressed in fawn skins. The Bacchae reputedly frolicked with wild animals. They could strike a rock with a Thyrsus and make water spring from it, strike a fennel stick on the ground and have a fountain of wine shoot up, or scrape the earth with their fingers and get milk. When disturbed they could tear apart cattle limb from limb, and consume the raw meat. They carried fire and it did not burn them. When attacked by pointed spears, they were unhurt (Dionysus). The Salem witches practiced their â€Å"witchcraft† also away from the public eye. They practiced in the woods, and in the darkness. They would too dance around franticly and worship the devil. â€Å"The devil came to me and bid me serve him. I speak of black dogs, red cats, yellow birds, an... Free Essays on Bacchae Women Vs. Salem Witches Free Essays on Bacchae Women Vs. Salem Witches Bacchae women vs. Salem witches The Witches of Salem can easily be compared to the women in Euripides Bacchae, both â€Å"worshiping† a divine creature. The frantic women in the Bacchae praised Dionysus, when others like Pentheus did not believe in him. While these â€Å"witches† in Salem found another source of belief, a heavenly creature. These women represented strength not insanity. The Bacchic celebration was an overjoyed group experience featuring dancing, costumes, music, wine, and ecstatic release out in nature away from the city in the wild, potentially dangerous nature of the mountains. It is a female experience, one that takes women of all ages away from their homes and their responsibilities. They tend to have amazingly irrational powers, beyond the traditional controls exercised by the male rulers of the city, which brought them into harmony with wild nature. Euripides stresses the beauty, energy, creativity, and communal joy of this Bacchic ritual, while at the same time repeatedly informing us of the destructive potential in it. The Bacchae, of the god Dionysus fell under the spell of Dionysus and became frenzied and performed wild Bacchic rituals. They danced ecstatically around, dressed in fawn skins. The Bacchae reputedly frolicked with wild animals. They could strike a rock with a Thyrsus and make water spring from it, strike a fennel stick on the ground and have a fountain of wine shoot up, or scrape the earth with their fingers and get milk. When disturbed they could tear apart cattle limb from limb, and consume the raw meat. They carried fire and it did not burn them. When attacked by pointed spears, they were unhurt (Dionysus). The Salem witches practiced their â€Å"witchcraft† also away from the public eye. They practiced in the woods, and in the darkness. They would too dance around franticly and worship the devil. â€Å"The devil came to me and bid me serve him. I speak of black dogs, red cats, yellow birds, an...

Globalization in economie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Globalization in economie - Essay Example Globalization, however, is also an ideology with multiple meanings and lineages. Sometimes it appears loosely associated with neoliberalism and with technocratic solutions to economic development and reform. The term also appears linked to cross-border advocacy networks and organizations defending human rights, the environment, women's rights, or world peace. The environmental movement, in particular, has raised the banner of globalism in its struggle for a clean planet, as in its Think Global, Act Local" slogan. Thus, globalization is often constructed as an impersonal and inevitable force in order to justify certain policies or behaviors, however praiseworthy some of them might be. Not only capitalism or advocacy movements but also Christianity, Islam, and Marxism have made global claims and harbored global pretensions. The term "globalization" in the press appears associated with multiple ideological frames of reference, including "financial market," "economic efficiency," "negati ve effect," and "culture." The start of globalization is also a contested issue. One could argue that globalization begins with the dawn of history. The literature, however, has tended to date the start of globalization more recently in the experience of the West. The word "globalization" has attained significant affecting strength. Several inspect it as a technique that is helpful-a means to prospect global financial improvement-and also predictable and unalterable. Others consider it with antagonism, even terror, thinking that it enhances disparity in and between states, intimidates service and living principles and prevents societal advancement in other words, one of the ways by which the rich get richer (and the poor are made poorer) is through increased globalization. Globalization has been defined as the collapse of time and space, but more detailed explanations distinguish between "interdependence of markets and production in different countries;" "(perception of) living and working in a world-wide context;" and a "process that affects every aspect in the life of a person, community or nation. (Aart, 2005) There are also sources that use "modernization" as a synonym for globalization, and it is sometimes subsumed under "liberalization, " "Neoliberalism," and "post-modernism." Globalization may be seen as a structure, a process, an ideology, or a combination of these. Proponents of globalization see it as, "A force which is beneficial to all, individuals and states, in all parts of the world" (George& Wilding, 2002). Opponents of globalization see it "as of benefit to the upper groups in society, to the multinational companies and the affluent world; and as detrimental to the satisfaction of public needs," and as a "force for the perpetuation and accentuation of inequalities within and between groups of countries for the benefit of multinationals and the upper classes. Its constant emphasis on increased competitiveness involves a race to the bottom". Conversely, the term globalization should be used to refer to a set of social processes that are thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality. At its core, then, globalization is about shifting forms of human contact. Indeed, the popular phrase 'globalization is happening' contains three important pieces of information: first, we are slowly leaving behind the

Financial Analysis of St. Vincents hospital Essay

Financial Analysis of St. Vincents hospital - Essay Example The St. Vincent’s hospital was a major health providing institution within the Manhattan area and it had been serving the local community since being formed in the year 1849, besides the health care facility, a medical college was also on the offerings. St. Vincent’s hospital was closed on April 30, 2010 and it was found that the hospital owed billions of dollars; hence it had to file for bankruptcy. As of April 30th, the hospital had to sack 3000 employees because of its closure. This led to a huge hue and cry amongst the employees of the hospital as the 3000 employees had to face the grudging effect of the loan and that too in a very stiff economic environment where job cutting was a major feature (NY1 News, 2010). Many attempts were made to stop the closure of the hospital but all of these attempts went in vain. U.S. Senators Chuck Schumer, Kirsten Gillibrand and Congressman Jerrold Nadler were all involved in forwarding an application to the U.S. Department of Housi ng and Urban Development (HUD) so that the hospital could be saved from bankruptcy. This request was made to the HUD department because of the department’s ability to offer mortgage insurance. The senators along with the congressman explained that the hospital had a long history of offering major emergency and other health care services in that area and it would be difficult to diversify the emergency patients of St.

ZARA Brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ZARA Brand - Essay Example Its products have various prices depending on their specific design, size and type of product. Generally, their prices are relatively low compared to similar retailers and customers can chose their desired payment methods. ZARA promotes its products mainly through television and print media and sells its products through physical stores. Online orders are also acceptable and customers can choose to pick products in person or order for postal delivery (CNN News 2001). ZARA positions itself to target its customers by offering more products compared to similar products. The company has also capitalised in innovativeness where it produces new products within an extra ordinarily short time and places them in their stores (Tiplady 2006). In this way, they are able to shorten the lifespan of their products leading to a greater success in meeting the preferences of customers Designs that do not sell for a week are withdrawn, orders cancelled and a new design developed – the production of Zara products is therefore customer driven. . Zara positions itself in different ways to target its customers. For instance it provides a variety of items ensuring speed in its marketing. It also ensures its stores are located in places attractive to the customers. It has also established a website where customers can access the various products offered by Zara. Zara retail focuses on the 4Ps which include the product, price, place and promotion according to Peng (2010). In the case of product Zara, management first has to think over the product being launched in relation to its value, positioning, ingredients, target customers and packages. The price of the product is determined based on the quality of the product (whether top or popular), discounts given on many of the products. Zara products are mainly sold in retail stores, online and by specific supermarkets. Zara products are normally marketed online through various marketing tools

Without Designers, There is no Fashion

Without Designers, There is no Fashion Fashion can be defined in many ways: it is a form of nonverbal communication, a sign system, a barometer of cultural change. It can also be seen as a form of iconography that communicates messages without words, or a mode of self-expression that enables us to make ourselves understood. For centuries, human beings have used clothing and various types of adornment to communicate messages about gender, occupation, class, and wealth. ‘In contemporary culture, the body has become the site of identity. We experience our bodies as separate from others and increasingly we identify with our bodies as containers of our identities and places of personal expression’ (Entwistle 2000:138). The question one may ask here is: who decides what will be fashionable? It is not a democratic process: fashion dictates, and its followers do as bidden. But who dictates what forms fashion will take? This is the domain of the fashion designer. The role of the designer in the shaping of fashionable tastes is crucial. This is especially true of contemporary society. Today designers are frequently accorded celebrity status. Their names are not only status symbolsthey are often household words. The Role of the Fashion Designer: Background Although their names are synonymous with power and wealth, fashion designers did not always enjoy the high status that they do today. It was not always this way fashion designers were not always ‘in fashion’. For example, consider the history of fashion in Italy. Until the eighteenth century, clothes design was not allowed in Italy: ‘Tailors, always men, were regulated by strict laws, and severe punishments were given to those who tried to formulate new fashions’ (Terzian 2003:75). Fashion at that time was considered the sole provenance of the government. Still, despite government restrictions, fashion design thrived as a covert operation. â€Å"Designers† still managed to create new styles, and people managed to get them. In fact, during this period Venice managed to rival Paris in the latest fashions, despite the fact that they had to disobey government regulations to do so (Terzian 2003: 75). In later years, the evolution of technology came into play. New developments in technology had a huge impact on the clothing industry, and on the development of fashion trends as well. For example, in America, the introduction of the steam engine in 1763 facilitated communication between different parts of the country. In 1793, Eli Whitney’s cotton gin expedited the manufacture of materials, so that the process was not only less cumbersome but also much faster. These two advances improved communication, transportation, and manufacturing all of which contributed to the growth of the fashion industry. Another important breakthrough in the history of fashion was the perfection of the sewing machine. In the mid-1800s, I.M. Singer produced an improved and more efficient model of Elias Howe’s original sewing machine, which was severely flawed This more sophisticated model made sewing easier and faster. In addition, it paved the way for further improvements, such as pattern making, buttonhole makers, and pressing machines (Terzian 2003:78). Queen Victoria’s death in 1901 made the Victorian style of dress obsolete. The uncomfortable bodice she was known for was soon replaced by an oddly shaped garment that was called the â€Å"health corset.† The health corset was the invention of a Frenchwoman named Madame Gaches-Sarraute. It was designed by Gaches-Sarraute to be a less restrictive and therefore more healthful garment. She believed that freeing the waist and diaphragm from the uncomfortable pressure of the corseted Victorian style would promote freedom of movement, improve comfort, and be good for a woman’s overall health. However, whether the â€Å"health corset† was more comfortable, or more healthful, is debatable. It did not last long, perhaps because of the odd â€Å"S† shape that made the sight of it uncomfortable to look at (Terzian 2003:80). It is apparent that even at back then, the fashion had taken on a particular significance: it was not enough to be clothed, one had to be clothed in a pleasing manner. The â€Å"S† shape that Gaches-Sarraute introduced was made obsolete when Paul Poiret joined the fashion world. Terzian describes Poiret as ‘the leading fashion designer of the first decade of the century’ (2003:81). Born in Paris, Poiret grew up in a world of fabric. His father owned a fabric store, and as a boy, Poiret came to know the importance of dress. This led him to open his own shop as an adult Here he experimented with fabrics and styles, often using his wife as a model. According to Terzian, Poiret was one of the first designers to experiment with colours, particularly those used by the Impressionists. In fact, it does seem that Poiret brought fashion to life with his flair for design and love of colour. He was responsible for introducing fashions that were not only pleasing to the eye, but also comfortable. In addition, he created outfits that included the â€Å"walking skirt.† This gave women increased mobility since it did away with constricte d hemlines that inhibited movement (Terzian 81). It was not long before fashion and fashion design became flourishing industries. Fashion, by this time, had become a government-sanctioned enterprise, as well as a highly competitive enterprise. However, the true stars of the fashion world were not the wealthy women who could afford the latest fashions, but rather the designers who created and introduced them. The Fashion Designer of Today Today, the importance of the fashion designer in the shaping of fashionable tastes is undisputed. In addition, the relationship between fashion and social life has become increasingly complex. According to Entwistle, ‘dress is tied up to social life in more than one way: it is produced out of economic, political, technological conditions as well as shaped by social., cultural, aesthetic ideas’ (2000:111). To be fashionably dressed, then, is to make a statement to the world about one’s social and economic background. However, that is only one message that dress conveys. When considering the huge impact fashion has on everyday life, it is impossible to dismiss the role of the people who create and re-create it with each new season. Fashion designers not only design articles of clothing they create and sell coveted images. As one scholar has noted, ‘the right clothing can grant us access to the right places and the right people’ (Jones 2002:21). The primary role of the fashion designers to experiment with the concept of identity through dress. The clothing they design must appeal to the people who buy it; therefore, designers must not just ‘clothe’ the body, they must create items that allow the people who buy them to feel they are buying a particular image or way of life. This has become more and more challenging in recent years, making the task of the designer more and more complex. Ethnic and subcultural styles have become increasingly diverse, and traditional codes are not the same. As Jones has asserted, ‘fashion designers have borrowed from the semiotics of clothes and pushed the boundaries by intentionally destroying principles and harmonies of clothing’ (2002:22). Designers have risen to the occasion, responding to the more sophisticated tastes of contemporary society in bold and innovative ways. The use of clashing colours is one way they do this. Another is the juxtaposition of unusual fabrics. They also experiment with size and shape, as evidenced by the creation of shapeless clothes, such as oversized shirts. And to respond to the sexual androgyny of the day, they have begun to create clothing that is often sexually ambiguous. Entwistle asserts that ‘fashion, dress and consumption provide ways of dealing with the problems of the modern world, characterized by increasing fragmentation and a sense of chaos. Fashion opens up possibilities for framing the self, however temporarily (2000:139). Other scholars have gone further with the concept of fashion as a response to the chaos of the world. Jamie Brasset has even suggested that ‘fashion is at the very least complicit if not thoroughly responsible for the promotion of identitiesâ €™ (2005:202). In this light, the role of the fashion designer is one of power. However, that power also has a negative aspect. As Jones points out, ‘for the designer of fashion, the key difference between his or her product and that of the designer of almost any other product is shelf life. Fashion has built-in obsolescence’ (2002:28). Different seasons require different types of clothing. In addition, clothing itself has a limited life span. As a result of daily wear and tear, as well as repeated launderings, clothing must be continually replaced. The world of commerce has cashed in on clothing’s obsolescence, as well. Given the whirlwind pace of change in the fashion industry, as well as the vagaries of style, the ability to design clothing that meets the demands of an increasingly diverse customer base is quite a challenge. Designers must keep up with cultural and social developments. In addition, they must stay informed about developments in the scientific world. This is in addition to the creative ability they must constantly mine for new and innovative ideas. Today designers often employ a number of assistants to see to the many facets of the industry, because the design itself requires a tremendous amount of creative energy. Natural talent may have set them on the trajectory of success, but well-engineered teamwork is what keeps them on it. The act of design itself takes place in a series of stages. The preliminary step may vary from one designer to another. However, the most common starting point is usually the sketch. As a two-dimensional medium, sketching has its limitations. However, it gives free reign to the artistic impulse. Often a designer’s initial concept may turn out to be something very different at the end. Some designers prefer to use the draping method, which in many ways is more realistic when envisioning the final product. The way in which material is arranged allows the designer to have a clearer plan of execution. Christian Dior has written that ‘fabrics themselves often inspire garment design. For example, the softness and drapability of a jersey might inspire gathers in a dress. Many a dress of mine is born of the fabric alone’ (Terzian 13). As for computer design, it will doubtless become more and more prevalent as newer programs are developed. Conclusion Fashion is both an industry and art. It can be defined in a number of ways, but most would agree that it is more than just ‘clothing’fashion is a concept in itself. As a barometer of cultural change, it is a key to society. For centuries, human beings have used clothing and various types of adornment to communicate messages about gender, occupation, class, and wealth. In addition, the body today has become a site of self-expression, and dress is one way in which that is accomplished. The role of the designer in the shaping of fashionable tastes is crucial. This is especially true of contemporary society. Today designers are frequently accorded celebrity status. Their names are not only status symbols they are often household words. As Gilman has noted, ‘to become someone else or to become a better version of ourselves in the eyes of the world is something we all want . . we respond to the demand of seeing and being seen (1999:3). The role played by fashion designer s, then, is crucial; their creations help us to be seen in the best light. ReferencesAddressing the Century: 100 Years of Art and Fashion. 1998. London: Hayward Gallery Publishing.Brassett, J. 2005. ‘entropy (fashion) and emergence (fashioning)’. Pp. 197209 in Fashion and Modernity, eds. Breward, C. and Evans, C. New York: Berg.Breward, C., and Evans, C., eds. 2005. Fashion and Modernity. New York: Berg.Entwistle, J. 2000. The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress, and Modern SocialTheory. Cambridge: Polity Press.Gilman, Sander. 1999. Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of AestheticSurgery Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Jones, S. 2002. Fashion Design. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd.Langer, S. 1953. Feeling and Form. New York: Charles Scribner.Taylor, L Wilson, E, Through the Looking Glass: A History of Dress From 1860 to the Present Day BBC, London, 1989Terzian, Makrouhi. 2003. Understanding Fashion Design. Lexington, MA: The Lexington Press, Inc.

Demonstrating the Virtues of the Just Life Essay -- Essays Papers

Demonstrating the Virtues of the Just Life The character of Socrates in Plato’s Republic is a curious one. Socrates is rarely satisfied with widely or casually accepted statements, and is fearless in taking on enormous topics for debate. One such topic that Socrates tackles early and often in the Republic is that of justice and the just life. It takes little time for Socrates to begin an attempt at demonstrating to two of his friends, Glaucon and Adeimantus, that in fact it pays to be just. After much debate and even the creation of a fictional city, a resolution of some kind is reached. Socrates does succeed in convincing his opposition that it pays to be just, however he does not demonstrate said fact. The difference is subtle, but profound. The debate begins when Glaucon makes the powerful claim that, â€Å"the life of the unjust man is, after all, far better than that of the just man† (Plato, Republic[1], 358c[2]). He and Adeimantus beg Socrates to respond, and in response Socrates decides that to consider justice in a man, it would be easier to consider justice in something larger, namely a city. He begins the creation of a fictional city with the necessities of the citizens, and then the responsibilities each citizen has to the city, namely, to inhabit the profession that one is best at. To protect the city, its citizens, and its land, a class of â€Å"guardians† is to be created. This leads to the discussion of education, and finally to the third class of the population, the wise rulers. Socrates has created a three-tiered city that he claims is just. Once the city has been completed and it is inspected, Socrates declares that the definition of justice that they have been search... ...y saying that, â€Å"isn’t to produce justice to establish the parts of the soul in a relation of mastering, and being mastered by, one another that is according to nature, while to produce injustice is to establish a relation of ruling, and being ruled by, one another that is contrary to nature?† (444d). Isn’t it better to lead a just life if doing so prevents internal chaos and maintains order in the soul? It seems that answer is yes, but the question rests on a fallacy. The connection between injustice in a city as chaos among the classes, and injustice in a man as chaos in the soul has never been sufficiently shown. Socrates has failed his demonstration. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Plato. Republic. Trans. Allan Bloom. Basic Books, 1968. [2] Stephanus numbers and letters used to cite all works of Plato.

Community Service

Community service isn’t about padding one’s resume, it isn’t about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our fragility and a greater appreciation of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be â€Å"normal† when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect relative to many other individuals around the world. I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North Shore Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although taking part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and experience in the medical field, I was taught how to make relations with unknown people that were for the most part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experiences because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including doctors, nurses, hospital staff members, and patients. This was a double gift for me because my interests in medicine have been greatly expanded and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the curtain in their room upon their request. â€Å"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. †- Mahatma Gandhi. This quote summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity. When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent: thrilled that I would finally get a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would surround me for three hours of a day. Though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didn’t even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was always busy with some job or another; from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy. The first day I went to serve my time at the hospital was quite possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. Throughout the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a vast array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that. I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their daily practices: seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it opened my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to become a good doctor. Every few weeks, the interns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for burn victims; the Children’s Ward, for newborns and infants; the Clerical section, where filing took place; etc. If we were lucky enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only putting a person who wants to pursue a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on people’s faces. I received more than just knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings. What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that said â€Å"God Bless You† to me after I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to participate in a program similar to this one, because it was beneficial to me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine and gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the little amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around me! Community Service Community service isn’t about padding one’s resume, it isn’t about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our fragility and a greater appreciation of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be â€Å"normal† when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect relative to many other individuals around the world. I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North Shore Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although taking part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and experience in the medical field, I was taught how to make relations with unknown people that were for the most part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experiences because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including doctors, nurses, hospital staff members, and patients. This was a double gift for me because my interests in medicine have been greatly expanded and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the curtain in their room upon their request. â€Å"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. †- Mahatma Gandhi. This quote summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity. When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent: thrilled that I would finally get a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would surround me for three hours of a day. Though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didn’t even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was always busy with some job or another; from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy. The first day I went to serve my time at the hospital was quite possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. Throughout the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a vast array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that. I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their daily practices: seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it opened my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to become a good doctor. Every few weeks, the interns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for burn victims; the Children’s Ward, for newborns and infants; the Clerical section, where filing took place; etc. If we were lucky enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only putting a person who wants to pursue a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on people’s faces. I received more than just knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings. What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that said â€Å"God Bless You† to me after I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to participate in a program similar to this one, because it was beneficial to me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine and gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the little amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around me! Community Service Community service isn’t about padding one’s resume, it isn’t about doing things so that one might be proud and arrogant about it. But it is the dawning realization of to the greater understanding our humanity, our fragility and a greater appreciation of the great lives that so many of us lead and deem to be â€Å"normal† when it pretty much is extraordinary in its own respect relative to many other individuals around the world. I spent my hours, dedicated to Community service, as an intern at the North Shore Long Island Jewish Hospital. Although taking part in this internship was initiated in order to further my knowledge and experience in the medical field, I was taught how to make relations with unknown people that were for the most part, ill. This has been one of the greatest experiences because I got the chance to interact with many different types of people including doctors, nurses, hospital staff members, and patients. This was a double gift for me because my interests in medicine have been greatly expanded and I was given the honor of being able to help those that were in need, whether it was reading a short book to them, or even closing the curtain in their room upon their request. â€Å"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. †- Mahatma Gandhi. This quote summarizes my experience at the hospital, where I was able to find myself in respect to humanity. When I first got notice that I would be working in a hospital, I was ambivalent: thrilled that I would finally get a chance to experience first-hand what people of the health profession feel, and reluctant because of the atmosphere that would surround me for three hours of a day. Though my intuitions were right to some extent, I didn’t even get a chance to notice the shortcomings of my internship at the hospital. I was always busy with some job or another; from patient interaction to clerical work, my hands were always busy. The first day I went to serve my time at the hospital was quite possibly one of the most enlightened days of my life. I learned more in the three hours than I would in a week if I were to go straight home. Throughout the winter term internship at NSLIJ Hospital I was able to observe a vast array of medical specialties. I learned what it means to be a part of the medical field, and the responsibilities that go along with that. I spent the majority of my time at the hospital shadowing doctors as they went about their daily practices: seeing patients, performing procedures, analyzing test results, collaborating with other doctors, etc. This internship was incredibly valuable as it opened my eyes to time, dedication, and care it takes to become a good doctor. Every few weeks, the interns would switch positions, so that everyone could be a part of most, if not all, departments. There was the ICU, for burn victims; the Children’s Ward, for newborns and infants; the Clerical section, where filing took place; etc. If we were lucky enough, we got the chance to see an actual birth taking place, of course the permission of both the doctor and patient was need along with a strong stomach. In my opinion, the hospital internship is one of the most effective ways in not only putting a person who wants to pursue a career in the health professions on the right path, but also in interacting with people of all sorts. The best thing about this experience was that I was able to put a smile on people’s faces. I received more than just knowledge and experience from taking part in this internship- I received blessings. What more can a person ask for? It was an elderly woman that said â€Å"God Bless You† to me after I had helped her to sit up on her bed. I encourage anyone and everyone to participate in a program similar to this one, because it was beneficial to me in many ways. I was enlightened in the field of medicine and gained experience, I got a chance to build on my people skills, and best of all, I was the source of even the little amount of happiness that I was capable of providing to the people around me!

Free Essays on Oscar Wilde

Wilde, like fellow Irishman and friend Yeats, was a brilliant oral storyteller, a temporally displaced bard. When he fell from grace during scandal in later life, he earned many a meal-and arranged many a loan-after ensuring an after dinner audience's affection with a good tale. It is largely from this practice that he initially achieved notoriety, and from jotting down the essence of his speech that he made his living- for Wilde, who often found the act of writing disagreeable (yet never the act of talking) believed that writing was a necessary way of venting immense intellectual energy, but for him not an end in itself. Given that he identified himself always as a speaker-first as a bard and then, as he grew older, as Platonic guru to young Oxfordonians- it is unsurprising that he made a drama of his life. Often, as Philippe Jullian reports, he knew that his greatest role was that of "the artist triumphing over the brute," (Oscar Wilde, p.318), and in this sense certainly his liter ature, rather than being his definitive artistic statement, became a backdrop for his real art-life. As the painter is drawn to warm and cool tints, Wilde was fascinated by the dichotomy between the good and evil components of life. Like an actor, he is more taken with beauty than content- asserting that if there was an afterlife that he should like to return as a flower, utterly without soul but entirely beautiful. In statements throughout his life-often paradoxical and of which Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young (1894) is quite representative-he apparently propones beauty over soul. In a letter to his mother he cries: "I'm unable to write a line or a sentence so long as I'm not in complete possession of myself. I should like very submissively to follow nature-which is within myself and must be true." (Delay, Andre Gide, p.396) Yet he also believed, as reported by Jonathan Dollimore in his analysis of Dorian Gray, that "anyone attempting ... Free Essays on Oscar Wilde Free Essays on Oscar Wilde Wilde, like fellow Irishman and friend Yeats, was a brilliant oral storyteller, a temporally displaced bard. When he fell from grace during scandal in later life, he earned many a meal-and arranged many a loan-after ensuring an after dinner audience's affection with a good tale. It is largely from this practice that he initially achieved notoriety, and from jotting down the essence of his speech that he made his living- for Wilde, who often found the act of writing disagreeable (yet never the act of talking) believed that writing was a necessary way of venting immense intellectual energy, but for him not an end in itself. Given that he identified himself always as a speaker-first as a bard and then, as he grew older, as Platonic guru to young Oxfordonians- it is unsurprising that he made a drama of his life. Often, as Philippe Jullian reports, he knew that his greatest role was that of "the artist triumphing over the brute," (Oscar Wilde, p.318), and in this sense certainly his liter ature, rather than being his definitive artistic statement, became a backdrop for his real art-life. As the painter is drawn to warm and cool tints, Wilde was fascinated by the dichotomy between the good and evil components of life. Like an actor, he is more taken with beauty than content- asserting that if there was an afterlife that he should like to return as a flower, utterly without soul but entirely beautiful. In statements throughout his life-often paradoxical and of which Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young (1894) is quite representative-he apparently propones beauty over soul. In a letter to his mother he cries: "I'm unable to write a line or a sentence so long as I'm not in complete possession of myself. I should like very submissively to follow nature-which is within myself and must be true." (Delay, Andre Gide, p.396) Yet he also believed, as reported by Jonathan Dollimore in his analysis of Dorian Gray, that "anyone attempting ...

Existentialism in Mersault Essays

Existentialism in Mersault Essays Existentialism in Mersault Essay Existentialism in Mersault Essay Albert Camus was a Gallic author who is besides a existential philosophy philosopher. He contributes to the development of the doctrine of existential philosophy. although he refused to be associated with any political orientation. His philosophical ideas contained in his Hagiographas. Camus delivers it by making fictional characters and dramatic events. non merely in the signifier of idea and analysis. The thought of absurdness. or things contrary to the common position. and his paradoxically ideas contained in his plant which one them is seen in his work this fresh entitle The Outsider. Meursault as the chief character in the novel is described as a adult male who make the sense of his life in his ain position. He felt that the life he lived is normal although people around him think that he is different. This is seen when she was confronted by the intelligence of his mother’s decease. He was merely reacting to it as a natural that every homo being in the universe must be both sing life and decease subsequently on. today. tomorrow. or whenever it was. In the funeral. he shows the attitude indifferent as non desiring to see his mother’s cadaver. call to her. or shows a deep heartache to the attenders. Because he said. he had no ground to be sad or mourn his female parent. because one time once more he considers this is a natural. This is seen in the quotation mark below. Mother died today. Or possibly yesterday. I don’t know. I had a wire from the place: Mother passed off. Funeral tomorrow. Yours unfeignedly. ’ That doesn’t mean anything. It may hold been yesterday. Camus ( 1982: 3 ) Not merely on her mother’s funeral. he is apathetic. but besides to populate a life he is really level and unemotional. However. behind it there is the nature of honestness in him. This is apparent because in every action and word he merely stating what is on his head without overstating or stating unneeded. Equally good as Marie. her girlfriend asks him to get married her. she merely state yes. but when he asked once more he replied that it was non of import. and if Marie wants him to get married her he would get married her. She so wanted to cognize if I loved her. I replied as I had done one time already. that it didn’t average anything but that I likely didn’t. Why get married me so? ’ she said. I explained to her that it truly didn’t affair and that if she wanted to. we could acquire married. Anyhow. she was the 1 who was inquiring me and I was merely stating yes. Camus ( 1982: 39 ) For Meursault he lives in this universe with his ain will without holding to believe or follow the regulations set in the environment. He lived his life like what he wants without holding to repent. As he revealed about a his offense that killing an Arab. While in prison he refused to engage a attorney to assist him decide the instance. but he eventually agreed to utilize a attorney who has been appointed by the prison governments. He does this because he thinks he does non necessitate defence from other people on what he has done. The attorney had been made upset by Mersault because Meursault does non desire to asseverate a defence or seek to supply grounds to relieve his offense. As an account of the existential philosophy humanitarianism earlier. that no regulator or legislator but himself. Consequently himself that he must make up ones mind for himself anyhow by looking outside itself a end of self-liberation to this adult male can Recognize himself as genuinely human. In the fresh Meursault refuses anyone regulating what he should make and assumptions that he are incorrect. He said no 1 or anything else that can be a regulator or legislator could act upon it. He merely lived his life harmonizing to his ain positions in giving significance in his life and he neer regretted anything he has done even though he himself did non believe that what he did was the right thing. This can be seen in the undermentioned citation. Of class. I couldn’t assist acknowledging that he was right. I didn’t much repent what I’d done. Bus I was surprised that he was so ferocious about it. I’d have like to hold explained to him in a friendly manner. about dearly. that I’d neer truly been able to repent anything. Camus ( 1982: 93 ) He determined by the decease sentence by a justice because of his indifferent of her mother’s decease. The justice explain that a few yearss subsequently he alternatively has a day of the month with Marie and watch a amusing film with her. befriends and involves in his neighbour named Raymond retaliation to Raymond’s kept woman. and goes on a beach holiday with both. Meursault passes tragic life as if nil has happened. While his waiting to the twenty-four hours of his decease sentence we can see what the true kernel of life in Meursault’s position. in the fury of his idea in prison. It does non intend that he is non afraid of decease. but he deals it with his ain. Several times he refused to run into with the chaplain. because he thought it merely wastes his clip that merely few remains to speak about things that are non meant for him. Meursault is told in this novel as one who does non believe in God or godlessness. Harmonizing to him. how he lived or what the intent of life is determined by himself without the engagement from other people. It seen in quotation mark below. From the deepnesss of my hereafter. throughout the whole of this absurd life I’d been taking. I’d felt a obscure breath drifting towards me across all old ages that were still to come. and on its manner this breath had evened out everything that was so being proposed to me in the every bit unreal old ages I was populating through. Camus ( 1982: 111 ) As if this great effusion of choler had purged all my ailments. killed all my hopes. I looked up the mass of marks and stars in the sky and laid myself unfastened for the first clip to benign indifference of the universe. And happening it so much like myself. in fact so fraternal. I realized that I’d been happy. and that I was still happy. For the concluding consummation and for me to experience less entirely. my last want was that there should be a crowd of witnesss at my executing and that they should recognize me with calls of hatred. Camus ( 1982: 113 ) The 2nd quotation mark is the last paragraph in this novel that tells the last clip before his executing. In those sentences. that Meursault reveals is apparent that he feels happy when he faces decease. He thinks that the universe is non concerned with human jobs and it has likewise with him who was apathetic to the human jobs that are non related to him. Therefore. he thought that after his decease. he will unify with the universe and he will non experience lonely. Meursault besides said that his life would be more meaningful if his decease was witnessed by people who raining him with cried of hatred than if he dies in purdah. He thinks this will be memorized by the people who have witnessed the decease. Decision From the account of analysis above it can be conclude that Mersault as the chief character of the novel The Outsider is existentialist. It depicted by the writer. Albert Camus through Mersault’s says. Acts of the Apostless. and ideas. which describe that Mersault lives his unrecorded with his ain manner and his ain position. He argues that in the universe there is no 1 or individual thing that can be regulator or legislator. which can act upon his life. It is merely himself who knows what he should make an how he lives his life in this universe. Lives the life in the universe is the basic of basic construction of human being. The concurrence in the words shows that being of homo can non get away from his universe. Impossible that adult male released from his universe and. otherwise. the universe may non be released from homo who constructed it. There is besides no two experiences are indistinguishable. Therefore. being is a in private owned. that being is non replaceable by anyone. It clearly described in Mersault’s character who is apathetic to the other things that in his sentiment those things are does non intend anything to him.

139 DB wk4 quail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

139 DB wk4 quail - Essay Example The element in this case is where natural talents meets passion. Cirque du Soleil is successful owing to the efforts of one, Guy Lalibertà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, together with his good friends’ effort to become circus performers, and marvel the world at doing so. They penetrated the cultural hindrances by becoming diverse in all their performances. Evidently, we can see that their talent was inbuilt even though they penetrated the global scale, and in this case, Guy was able to unify the group. Through this, they were able to target specific market with products aimed at marveling a particular audience. Corporate citizenship forms a critical basis for the growth of Cirque du Soleil as a company as well as a group. Since its main goal is to marvel and capture the hearts of their audiences, Cirque du Soleil sorts of polishes its efforts to entertain, applying diverse concepts which focus on various culture within the global scale. Owing to this, it is important for Cirque du Soleil to register as a good corporate citizen, in all the global perspective, in order to foster good communication and understanding wherever they perform their various shows. Ethnocentrism assists by simplifying situations and unifying groups like; Guy Lalibertà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s and his team had envisioned getting together to entertain audiences, concur the world, and have fun while at it. Through this, they were able to transcend all barriers of language, and also culture. This ideology is particularly common in military planning because of ‘groupthink.’ It reinforces manifestation of rigidity tendenc y to neglect unpalatable information, and the adherence to existing plans longer than the circumstances justify (Booth,

CEO OF ABC FIRM Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CEO OF ABC FIRM - Coursework Example Value exploration, creation and delivery shall be the most powerful tools of transformation that I am going to employ in the company. Value exploration shall majors its concern on the customer’s cognitive space about the products of the company. This investigative effort aims at discovering the trend of customers demand in the market in order to avoid delivering a product in the market that does not exist in the shopping list of the customers. Knowing the customers’ needs is vital for designing a product that shall be the only option in the market. This shall the company in producing items that are vibrant in the market. Value addition entails identifying new customers and getting their views concerning the products of the company. This will ensure that, the company invests in producing items that the customers think about, want, does and require in order to capitalize over them as a way of winning their trust in the company (Ulrich 2013, p. 62). Value delivery is the most important step among the transformative efforts that shall be part of my plan. The mode of delivering the product to the market should ensure that, there is no hoarding in the market concerning the company’s’ products. The company shall invest in the infrastructure as a way ensuring proficiency of the company in the market arena. In so doing, the harmonious relationship that will crop up between the management and the customers will initiate a lasting relationship. Among the changes that my office will effect are the old managerial methods being used in the company (Ulrich 2013, p. 91). The company heavily relying on traditional management methods will see a paradigm shift that will see the modern management and leadership methods put in place. Starting with the CEO of the company to the supervisors, I will ensure that changes on methods of running the company with modern scientific methods take place. The

Retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retailing - Assignment Example The responsive nature of the store representatives also added to the shopping experience although the retailer could do more with the displays and other equipment to provide a more engaging shopping experience to its consumers. 2. Retail strategy is a combination of the retail mix and the external environment. The chosen retailer had a department store particularly targeting towards its traditional as well as its well-informed consumers that are aware of the trends. With the ambience of the store, it was evident that the store was equally welcoming to any new and existing customers, thereby especially focusing their product mix at the traditional and well informed market segment. A key strength for the store was its helpful staff that could win consumers by being attentive to their problems and to respond to them in helping ways. However, the amount of technical equipment to keep the customers entertained were lacking although this could help the store attain a sustainable competitive advantage by maintaining customer loyalty. 3. The stores of our chosen retailer are located in a clean local neighborhood with minimal obstructions along the way to the store. The road patterns are steady and clear that add comfort to the journey to the store. The roads and footpath outside the store appears quite decent although improvements could be made. The inviting window display was attractive and visible so that consumers could figure out the location of the store. The surrounding area was also well planned although there was room for improvement. The parking lot was located near the store and a pathway lead customers to the store. The space in the parking lot was enough to accommodate an ample amount of cars although some peak seasons may experience traffic and congestion. Overall, the store had relatively easy accessibility with smoothly flowing traffic nearby, and easy

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Essay Example for Free

Eukaryotic Transcriptional Activator Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of what was initially known about transcription came from pioneering prokaryotic transcription studies that followed the1959 discovery of RNA polymerase. During those earlier times, it was presumed that gene structure and transcription in bacteria were practically the same for eukaryotes. This later turned out to be incorrect since eukaryotic DNA assumes higher-order structural forms and transcriptional and regulatory processes in eukaryotes are much more complex. Thus, studies on eukaryotic transcription have become invaluable in further understanding this vital process that regulates gene expression in higher organisms (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One such study was done by Brent and Ptashne, wherein they investigated which of two proposed mechanisms does GAL4 activate transcription (729). GAL4 is a protein that initiates the transcription of the GAL1 gene in S. cerevisiae, given that a region called UASG or a certain 17-bp sequence (termed â€Å"17-mer†) is present anywhere from 40 to 600 nucleotides upstream of the gene’s transcription start site. The two regions bind GAL4 to activate transcription similarly when inserted upstream in another gene, CYC1 – normally regulated by the two UASs (upstream activation sites) UASC1 and UASC2, which bind certain cellular proteins (in Brent and Ptashne 729).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GAL4 is thought to activate transcription either by a) binding to DNA and stabilizing unusual DNA structure so that protein binding near the transcription site is promoted; or b) binding to DNA without disturbing its structure and activating transcription by getting in contact with other proteins. Based on earlier lambda experiments that involved mutant repressors which, operating via mechanism b above, can bind DNA but are unable to activate transcription because the amino acids in the region thought to contract RNA polymerase were altered, Brent and Ptashne tried to determine the domains responsible for GAL4’s DNA-binding and activator functions. For this purpose they used LexA-GAL4, a new protein construct having the DNA-binding specificity of LexA, an E. coli repressor protein whose amino-terminal domain binds to operator regions to repress gene expression (729). It was found that LexA-GAL4 functions in the same manner in E. coli, but activates transcription in yeast if and only if, a lexA operator is likewise present near the transcription start site (730). Data Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The synthesis of LexA-GAL4 in bacteria and yeast was facilitated through the use of plasmids. The gene for LexA-GAL4 is the combination of the E. coli DNA fragment that codes for the 87-residue amino-terminal of LexA, and the S. cerevisiae fragment coding for the 807-residue carboxy-terminal of GAL4. Figure 1a (see Tables and Figures) shows the DNA sequence and corresponding amino acids coded in the LexA-GAL4 fusion junction while b and c respectively show plasmid 1109, whose LexA-GAL4 synthesis is regulated by the tac promoter, and 1027, regulated by the ADH1 promoter (Brent and Ptashne 730).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     LexA-GAL4’s repressor activity in E. coli was demonstrated by two experiments. Table 1 summarizes the results of the first experiment on a bacterial strain wherein a lacZ gene was adjoined to the lexA promoter. LexA autorepresses its own transcription so the strain used carried a mutant, nonfunctional lexA gene. Plasmids were then used to synthesize different regulatory proteins after which repressor activity was measured by the amount of b-galactosidase produced by lacZ. The results show that LexA-GAL4 transcription repression from the lexA promoter was comparable to that of LexA. Meanwhile, Figure 2 shows the results of the second experiment which made use of the fact that certain LexA-repressed genes need to be expressed for cells to recover from DNA damage. That is why, cells with a mutant LexA that is able to bind to the operator but can’t be deactivated through proteolysis exhibit UV sensitivity. Figure 2 shows the survival rate of E. coli cells depending on the regulatory proteins synthesized by corresponding plasmids. As with the first experiment, LexA-GAL4 showed a similar repressor action as with LexA so that E. coli cells that had them were markedly UV-sensitive compared to cells that had no regulatory protein or had the l repressor which does not recognize the lexA operator and hence has no regulatory effect on transcription (730-731).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In contrast to its action in E. coli, LexA-GAL4 acts as a transcriptional activator in yeast when a lexA operator is present. Plasmids were used to transform one group of GAL4+ cells into producing LexA-GAL4 and another to produce native LexA. Both groups were then further modified to carry a gene made from the fusion of either GAL1 or CYC1 and lacZ, and either UASG, the 17-mer, UASC1 and UASC2, a lexA operator, or none of these upstream of the gene (see Figure 3). From the CYC1-lacZ gene results in Table 2, it can be seen that whereas LexA repressed b-galactosidase production, LexA-GAL4 activated transcription but only when there is a lexA operator upstream. Transcription appeared to be stimulated more when the operator is nearer the transcription start site. Conversely, transcription was markedly hindered in the glucose medium (731-732) which is consistent with previous observations that GAL4 is only active when cells are grown on a galactose medium but is inhibited in the presence of glucose (729). Table 3 shows the same trend in LexA-GAL4 activity with the GAL1-lacZ gene. In fact, LexA-GAL4’s dependency on the presence of a lexA operator to activate transcription was also emphasized in similar experiments using strains having either a gal4 gene point mutation or a gal4 deletion, wherein LexA-GAL4 activated CYC1-lacZ and GAL1-lacZ transcription only when an operator was present and likewise, was dependent on operator proximity to the transcription start site. In these experiments, LexA-GAL4 failed to stimulate b-galactosidase production even in plasmids bearing UASG or the GAL1-lacZ gene, nor was it able to compensate for the absence of wild-type GAL4 when no operator was present (731-732). Comparison of LexA-GAL4-stimulated GAL1-lacZ transcription with that in a plasmid bearing wild-type UASG showed that the 5’ ends of the RNAs made were the same (Figure 4). However, it is not yet clear why the amount of transcripts produced was only 5% of that which was expected based on b-galactosidase measurements (731). The reduced activity of GAL4 on glucose media is attributed to the association of the GAL4 C-terminus with the inhibitory protein GAL80, thus hindering efficient binding with UASG (729). The results in Table 4 indicate that the LexA-GAL4 C-terminus likewise associates with GAL80. A glucose medium was used to grow GAL4-producing cells that had UASG but no lexA operator upstream of a GAL1-lacZ gene. Results suggest that LexA-GAL4 proteins, in the absence of an operator to bind to, are free to interact with GAL80 and consequently facilitate transcription by leaving wild-type GAL4 to bind to UASG (732-733).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Figure 5 shows a spliced yeast gene and a derivative wherein a lexA operator was inserted into the gene’s intron. This was done to test whether LexA-GAL4 can also activate transcription if the operator is downstream of the normal transcription start site. UASG was present upstream but a gal4 strain was used so no GAL4-stimulated transcription would occur and b-galactosidase production would be purely dependent on LexA-GAL4. From the results in Table 5, it may be seen that LexA-GAL4 was able to stimulate transcription only when there’s an operator in the intron, though b-galactosidase production was only 4% as much of that resulting from transcription from UASG in a GAL4+ strain (733).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The essence of this study’s findings is depicted in Figure 6, which shows that the hybrid protein LexA-GAL4 can successfully stimulate transcription in yeast but only in the presence of a lexA promoter upstream (733). Tables 2 3 and more importantly, the parallel experiments with the GAL4-expression impaired strains (731-732), best illustrate LexA-GAL4’s strict requirement for the presence of an operator in order to activate transcription. Conclusions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the series of experiments done, Brent and Ptashne were able to gather data attributing activator function to GAL4’s C-terminus, consequently suggesting that activation by GAL4 is more probably achieved by its interaction with other proteins rather than by binding to UASG and then perturbing DNA structure. Since LexA-GAL4 successfully activated transcription without binding to UASG, a change in structure doesn’t appear to be crucial for transcription to occur (733). Though the results of the experiments were per se quite conclusive, they are rather indirect evidence for the GAL4 mechanism being put forward. A probably more direct proof is offered by the Keegan, Gill and Ptashne study mentioned which claims that another hybrid protein having the amino terminal of GAL4 binds UASG but fails to activate transcription, likely because the C-terminus is that of b-galactosidase which functions differently (733). This study has successfully illustrated the synthesis of hybrid proteins that can be used for exploring further not just the activator function of other eukaryotic regulatory proteins (734), but on the whole, transcriptional and regulatory processes in various other eukaryotic organisms. Good follow-up studies would therefore be a structural study to determine whether no change in DNA structure is indeed involved in GAL4 activity and more generally, the application of the methods and concepts learned here to other eukaryotic genes and their known regulators so as to perhaps be able to establish whether a mechanism similar to that proposed for GAL4 is also in play. Both ultimately can help to build a general but detailed picture that will allow for a deeper understanding of eukaryotic transcription and regulation of gene expression.