Serial Killer :: Serial Killer Essays

Serial killer is a person who kills three or more people with a cooling off period between murders and these murders may go on for a period of months or years. The murders that this person commits may have similar fashion or the victims may have something in common, for example, occupation, race, appearance, sex, or age group. Psychology is the science and study of human behavior and mental processes. Moreover, it is the study of human minds and its function. Krafft-Ebing (1886) found that the serial killer had been through cruelty of animal; enjoy the torture and the pain of their victim during his or her childhood period. Moreover, the mothers of these serial killers were most of time working or doing other things and usually the father were absent. These children experience rejection and lack of attention, therefore, this child grows up having low self-esteem. Research show that adults that gone through abuse and violent behavior during their childhood were three times more likely to become violent as adult more than the non abused adults (Dutton & Hart, 1992). Freud (1940) was the first to do the link between sexual abuses during the childhood and adult abnormal behavior. As a result of that serial killer uses sex as a way to let out his or her anger and aggression. The sexually acts of the serial killer is not only about sex, but it is about revenge, power, and control. â€Å"Serial killers are unconsciously trying to kill off their repressed sexual pain and powerlessness. Every stab into the victim’s flesh is a stab against their own childhood sexual terror and pain, and the rage that accompanies it is a rage against those who tormented and terrorized† (Knight, 2006, p. 1199-1200). To take off the aggression and need to compensate the horrible memories of the childhood explain the reason why serial killers abuse animals during their childhood. When they were children they control pets and they can harm them knowing that the animals can fight back. Therefore, they feel themselves as if they were in absolute power. This animal torture later will turn in to human victim torture. Charister Clause and Lars Lidberg (1999) used five characteristics from Shahriar disorder that are common among serial killers.

“Australian Rules” essay Essay

Australian rules is set in a small rural town, where the relationships between the white townspeople and the Aboriginal people on the mission are complex, conflicted and marred by deeply entrenched racism. The local football team in many ways serves to represent the town, it reflects the conflicted relationship between the white people and the Aboriginal people- we begin to understand this as the film unfolds. Other themes inherent in the film are themes of family, love, loyalty and violence- the secrecy of domestic violence and the more overt forms of racial violence that spill out onto the public spheres of the football field and the pub. The opening narration informs us that half the football team is Aboriginal and that there would not be a football team without the Aboriginal players, therefore we understand how the town team relies on the talent and number of the Aboriginal players. We then witness the contradiction of the white and Aboriginal boys playing side by side as team members followed by the social segregation between the members after the match. This segregation is highlighted by Blacky (a white boy from town) and Dumby (an Aboriginal boy who is the best player on the team) whose friendship transcends these borders and we also witness ways that this segregation between the white teenager and Aboriginal teenagers is culturally imposed by certain adults. In one of the beginning scenes, just after a football match, Dumby and Blacky want to ‘hang out’ together, but Dumby is taken back to the mission by an older friend and Blacky cannot follow. Blacky, Clarence and Dumby all call out to each other ‘Nukkin ya’ and this use of Aboriginal language between two Aboriginal teenagers and Blacky the white boy signifies the level of their friendship and mutual acceptance. Pickles’ comment to Blacky that ‘now he even talks like one’, symbolises the town’s disapproval of such respect for Aboriginal culture and Aboriginal people. The character of Pretty, Dumby’s older friend from the mission, plays an important role in the film. He was once a talented football player himself but no longer ‘kicks goals for whitefellas’ and he is significant because he is the main character to verbalise that Aboriginal people are treated  differently and unfairly. He is somewhat aggressive in his approach, expressing bitterness and resentment, yet it is implied that his approach is reactionary to the way he has been treated, and his statementsoverlooked by the white coach- are significant examples of changing responses to uneven power dynamics. For example the white coach tells Dumby to make sure all the Aboriginal team players turn up to the next match and Pretty interjects stating that it doesn’t work that way anymore, his metaphor of ‘yes sir, no sir, three bags full sir’, clearly refers to the history of Aboriginal people being used as servants and points out that the coach’s approach of ordering Dumby around is no longer appropriate. Unfortunately the coach does not take this message on and rather than acknowledging the Aboriginal boys as talented, valuable and indeed essential team players, he nervously treats them as unreliable boys who may destroy the team’s chances by not turning up. This attitude of relying on Aboriginal talent, whilst refusing to appropriately acknowledge this talent is made explicitly clear during the award giving ceremony that takes place after the team win the finals. Pretty is made to leave the ceremony after he disputes the truth of a speech about the egalitarian nature of football ‘where you can be anyone, from anywhere, and receive the recognition you deserve’. Pretty is immediately proved to be right when the awards are given only to white boys, and Dumby, who is obviously the most talented player on the team is left completely unacknowledged. There is a direct shift in Dumby’s response and he becomes more like Pretty, demonstrating anger and resentment, rather than his normal cheerful, co operative self. This gives us insight into Pretty’s character and how he may have developed the attitude that he has towards white people. Pretty and Dumby’s break-in to the pub that very night can be interpreted as a direct response to the unfairness of the award ceremony- although there are characters, such as the coach, who are not willing to see the connection. The fact that Dumby is then murdered by Blacky’s father is a complicated event with many layers of meaning. The insights we have been given about Blacky’s father prior to the shooting is that of a man who dominates his family, puts down his sons for showing vulnerability and who physically abuses his wife. There are  instances in which we can see links between the violence he demonstrates towards his family and the verbal and physical violence he feels justified in displaying towards Dumby, and then later towards Dumby’s sister, Clarence. There is a scene in which the father physically attacks Blacky and forces Blacky to declare loyalty to him (regarding the shooting), meanwhile verbally abusing Clarence with racial slurs and ordering her to get out of his house. During this scene the camera pans onto the faces of the Blacky’s mother and siblings and we see how domestic and racial violence become enmeshed, that the father’s attack on Blacky for being with Clarence is an act of violence that hurts his whole family. Interestingly it is Clarence who is the least cowed in this scene, she does not show fear and walks out with dignity. In this way we can see how control and domination is a particular pattern in this family, but is not taken on by Clarence. In many ways, the shooting, and the following events, are catalysts for great changes, both in the town, and more specifically in Blacky’s family. Blacky rejects his parent’s demands to maintain loyalty to his father and instead Blacky remains loyal to his friendship with Dumby. Blacky’s rejection of his father’s authority instigates other members of the family, such as his mother and next youngest brother who subtly take Blacky’s side. The scene where his brother urges him to get up and face his father, (when his father beat him to the ground), symbolises the request of his family for Blacky to represent them all and challenge the father’s authority. The resolution of the film sees the father gone, leaving Clarence and Blacky happily together but planning to this town ‘that has nothing for them’. The fate of the town is not so happy, the boys from the mission won’t come to town and there is no longer a football team. In many ways we can see how Australian rules reflects the complexities of human relationships- of love and loyalty and hatred and violence, and clearly demonstrates how deeply entrenched racism hurts everyone. The town, through its racism has destroyed the tentative trust of the Aboriginal people and has lost its ‘glory’- its winning football team. Its seems empty, a place only good for leaving.

The Invention Of The Airplane - 1013 Words

Airplanes are sometimes considered one of the most overlooked inventions. This is often because people overlook the power of airplanes. It is amazing to think how two brothers created something used by thousands of people a day. Airplanes are usually the quickest method of transportation for people traveling long distances. They can also be used to travel across large bodies of water, whereas, ships would take a much longer time. The invention of the airplane was not easy. Airplanes were also not safe, originally. Over time, though, airplane travel has become one of the most safest methods for travel. One of the most greatest twentieth-century inventions was none other than the airplane. After its invention, the growth of people using airplanes and the quality of airplanes grew rapidly. This was due to the innovations during the two world wars. Airplanes not only help travelers, but they also have created an industry. Some examples of airplane industries include aircraft constructio n companies, engine makers, general equipment makers, and many others (The Invention of the Airplane and the Rise of the Airplane Industry for Military and Civilian Purposes). Men have dreamed of flying for centuries before the first airplane was even created. Leonardo da Vinci has drawn pictures of airplane-like vehicles even during the late 1400s. During the late 1700s, the first hot air balloon soared over Paris. This was the first example of some sort of vehicle that flew. During theShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Airplane1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has had multiple inventions in its short lifespan, but one stands out above the rest. The invention of the airplane in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright was only the beginning of something that would change the world forever. The airplane is still used today to travel around the world at a much faster pace than a boat. While it has been used to mainly help people they are also used to hurt people. The army uses planes to drop bombs, shoot down planes and threats on the ground, and to surveyRead MoreThe Invention Of The Airplane Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagestransportation have been invented and thoroughly advanced. The airplane is one of the inventions in transportation. The invention of the airplane is credited to Wilbur and Orville Wright, brothers from Dayton, Ohio. The Wright brothers were the first to successfully fly a sustained, controlled, powered, and manned airplane, which took place on December 17, 1903 (Crouch Jakab, 2003, p.131). Throughout World War I, the demand for airplanes grew; consequently, production and engineering rapidly improvedRead MoreThe Great Invention of the Airplane1307 Words   |  5 PagesThe airplane is a very normal word today. But it is a new word at least a hundred years. Then I want to talk about airplanes’ history, airplanes’ companies, personal business, global trade, and the benefit for international students and traveling. In my view, th ose parts are very important about airplanes has changed people’s lives. A lot of people believe that airplanes bring many benefits to our life. I agree with this idea because airplanes are one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth centuryRead MoreAirplanes; The Invention of and How They Fly Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesto fly an airplane. However, it is a good idea to have good knowledge of aerodynamics and flight theory to be able to fly safely. There are four basic components in making an airplane fly, lift, drag, thrust, and weight. All of these work in unison to make a plane stay in the air. If one of the first three is taken out of the equation, gravity and weight will take over and cause the plane to descend. It is up to the pilot to understand how to make them equal in order to keep the airplane in flightRead MoreThe Invention Of Airplanes : The United States Of America And Great Britain1748 Words   |  7 PagesFor many people, it is hard to think of the cu rrent world without airplanes. This simple fact is what makes them so important to talk about in society. They might be overlooked sometimes, but they have added a lot to history and should not be taken for granted for what they achieve. To focus on a few countries, the United States of America and Great Britain, the invention of airplanes had some of its largest impact on them. Whether that be in terms of travel or warfare, these countries benefitedRead MoreBenefits Of Airplanes And Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Airplanes to Society As technology has developed throughout the years, many forms of transportation have been invented and thoroughly advanced. The airplane is one of the inventions in transportation. The invention of the airplane is credited to Wilbur and Orville Wright, brothers from Dayton, Ohio. The Wright brothers were the first to successfully fly a sustained, controlled, powered, and manned airplane, which took place on December 17, 1903 (Crouch Jakab, 2003, p.131). ThroughoutRead MoreWhy Are Patents Important For Technology?1745 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: What is a Patent? (Natashua Hester) A patent is a limit of property rights that are related to an idea or an invention, which is granted by the United States Patent Trademark Office (Ji, 2011). Patents laws were created in 1787 by Constitution Article I 8 Class 3, which regulates commerce within a foreign nations, states and the trade of Indian tribes (Calvert, 2016). The U.S. Constitution Article I Class 8 stated that progress innovated by Science and Arts are secured by limitedRead MoreThe Airplane Has Changed The Course Of The Western World Forever888 Words   |  4 PagesJoshua Poirrier Mrs. Elliott English III 9 May 2017 The Airplane Effect Orville Wright once said, â€Å"The airplane stays up because it doesn’t have the time to fall.† The ingenuity of the Wright brothers’ airplane design has changed the course of the Western world forever. The invention of the aircraft positively affected American society by providing a quicker way of traveling, having an influence on warfare, and implementing a better economy in the United States. When the aeroplane was assembledRead MoreThe History and Development of Aircraft763 Words   |  4 PagesOne very influential inventions in the early 20th century is the aircraft. Ever since the design set by the Wright brothers, it has changed in both shape and size. Throughout history people have always found a reason to travel, and now this new type of invention is allowing people to travel farther and move faster. Everyone, no matter your color, race, or gender, is allowed to travel by this new form of transportation. The evolution of the plane played a major impact on the ability to travel, sinceRead MoreTransportation in the 1800s1136 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the beginning of time, till now. I mean technology itself has transformed the word. New inventions are created each day, improving machines, and almost everything. Throughout history people have created things that have made life easier. Transportation has always been very important. It has been a huge part of history . Of course like every other resource it had its pros and cons. Automobiles, airplanes, boats, and trains during the 1800s were all being invented. Before life was harsh

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 992 Words

The liver is known in the medical community as a miracle organ because is it the only known organ in the human body that can regenerate itself if half of it is cut out. Tissue regeneration has always been a desirable fantasy, but now it is almost a possibility. Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells that, although unspecialized, can differentiate into various specialized cells, such as nerves, muscle, skin, or even blood. Sadly, controversy surrounds this relatively new scientific concept and it threatens to destroy the potential of this discovery before scientists even have a chance to study it thoroughly. Human embryonic stem cell research should be permitted to advance due to the potential of being able to treat or cure diseases, and the additional knowledge that the scientific community can gain about human development. Because of their ability to differentiate into specialized cells, embryonic stem cells can have the potential of treating a wide range of diseases. Some of these diseases include heart disease, Parkinson s disease, and diabetes (Kelly 5). The regenerative properties of stem cells allow scientists to potentially restore damaged muscle, and perhaps even damaged nerve tissue. The discovery of embryonic stem cells is so important that it opened up a new field of medicine called regenerative medicine. Although embryonic stem cells are not the answer to all diseases known to man, other types of stem cells are being used to effectively treatShow MoreRelatedHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1625 Words   |  7 PagesProduction and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, the Pontifical Academy for Life presents the field of stem cell research with a statement regarding the official Roman Catholic position on the moral aspects of acquiring and using human embryonic stem cells.  They have declared that it is not morally legitimate to produce or use human embryos as a source of stem cells, nor is it acceptable to u se stem cells from cell lines already established. Thus, bringing up the conflictingRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research2490 Words   |  10 PagesFederal Government to fund stem cell research through the National Institute of Health. There are various types of stem cells, but the policy issue mainly covers human embryonic stem cells. This policy revokes President George W. Bush s executive order 13435 which put heavy limitations on federal funding for stem cell research. Although this policy has already taken effect, there are still bans and immense regulation on particular methods of human embryonic stem cell extraction that involve theRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1901 Words   |  8 Pages Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are cells that have not yet differentiated, or will divide into other cells that will then differentiate. These cells have the ability to develop into any type of cell that the body requires during development and growth. The value of stem cells for research comes from the ability to develop into specialized cells, a process known as differentiation, under experimental conditions. Naturally, stem cells regularly repair or replace damaged tissues. ScientificallyRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1313 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Rogers Kendra Gallos English III Honors 18 April 2016 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, or HES cell research, is a very controversial ethical debate. This issues is a dilemma for scientist, religious activist, and many more. HES cell research is being disputed because the practice is morally wrong. The other side of the issue stands with many scientist, being that they see the potential lives it could save in the long run. Religious activist, andRead More Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay4185 Words   |  17 PagesHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Many scientists believe that research on human embryonic stem cells, components of human embryos created in laboratories, will eventually yield cures to a number of devastating human conditions including juvenile diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injuries. On August 9, 2001, President George W. Bush announced he would permit federally funded research on existing stem cells lines derived from human embryos. He prohibited the federal funding of researchRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells are the centre point for all growth and development. The centre point of life. Without them, there would not be humans, animals or even germs. Thanks to them, we can modify and enhance the human body when in its foetal form. The fear that a child will be born with hereditary disease, mutations and disabilities haunts the dreams of people today more than ever. But what if we could guarantee our children could be born disease free an d disability free? What if we could remove the gene thatRead MoreHuman Stem Cell Research : Ethical Dilemmas With The Utility Of Embryonic Stem Cells1879 Words   |  8 PagesTrevor McCarthy Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) research possesses ethical dilemmas with the utility of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from human blastocyst, one of the earliest stages of embryonic development. Embryonic stem cell derivation is controversial because there are different opinions and beliefs on when an embryo is deserving of full moral status, equal to the moral respect, rights and treatment to that of a human being. ESCs extracted from a blastocyst will undergo experimentationRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos are essentially human b eings (In Stem-cell Research† Para. 3). The usage of such stem cells has causedRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagescure a disease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up beingRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesGehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell research, a multitude of cures have

Practical Life Essay - 1168 Words

Practical Life Written Examination Paper By Ben(Zhibin Xu) Capital College California In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Credential of Montessori Teacher May , 2013 Under the Supervision of Ms. Evelyn You are asked to set up a practical life area in the classroom. What are the principles you must take into consideration in designing the practical life materials? I’ll consider the function and manageability, good looks and aesthetic appeal, proportions, completeness, color coordination, control of error, safety and respect for tools, interest, cleanliness, price, availability, readiness, work potential, sequence, organization, order, adaptability,†¦show more content†¦Parents who are unfamiliar with Montessori education may feel that Practical Life activities are a waste of time. Why is my child learning how to wash dishes when they should be learning how to do something more academic, like math? Math, reading, and language all require one to have the ability to focus, to be able to complete a task with logical and sequential steps, to concentrate, to make intelligent choices, and to see a task from start to finish. This is precisely the intent of the Practical Life activities. Through the Practical Life work, children learn to calmly go about their work and to take pleasure and satisfaction from their efforts. For exampl e, Through study care of self. Children will learn how to wash hands, how to brush teeth , how to pack a lunch, how to pack an overnight bag, and how to tie shoes.These activities provide the means for children to become physically independent. It is very important for child to learn how to take care of themselves ,how to grow up and how to be independence. As one of your goals for this year you would like the children to be able to sew a button. List the sequence of exercises over the year that you would make available to the children so that they would have the opportunity to develop the ability to successfully sew a button. Bean transfer using the whole hand, bean transfer using 2 glasses, transfer of pom-pom using tongs, cutting paper, waterShow MoreRelatedPractical Life2491 Words   |  10 Pagesindependent. Therefore, the first active manifestation of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through the activity he may arrive at independence. * Dr. Maria Montessori Comment on the above quote and explain how the Montessori practical life exercises help the child to become independent. â€Å"No one can be free unless he is independent. Therefore, the first active manifestations of the child’s individual liberty must be so guided that through this activity he may arrive at independenceRead MorePractical Life Essay2627 Words   |  11 PagesDMT 104 Practical Life (Assignment One) Montessori in the Absorbent Mind writes that â€Å"the hands are instruments of man’s intelligence†. It is therefore critical that children develop the ability to control and coordinate their hand muscle so that these can come into contact with the environment in intelligent ways. Discuss the principles underlining the practical life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. Introduction A child in the first six years becomes a full memberRead MoreMontessori Practical Life2675 Words   |  11 PagesThe baby is not an inert or passive being, but a â€Å"creative† individual, actively struggling to grow and learn. There is an unconscious urge, a life force or horme that works untiringly, but this work of the child cannot achieve perfect development if the conditions are not right.† Discuss a perfect prepared environment, stimulating his needs for emotional, intellectual stimulation, hygienic precaution and his physical growth. â€Å"There is a play of instincts within a child not only with respect toRead MoreMontessori Practical Life2659 Words   |  11 PagesThe baby is not an inert or passive being, but a â€Å"creative† individual, actively struggling to grow and learn. There is an unconscious urge, a life force or horme that works untiringly, but this work of the child cannot achieve perfect development if the conditions are not right.† Discuss a perfect prepared environment, stimulating his needs for emotional, intellectual stimulation, hygienic precaution and his physical growth. â€Å"There is a play of instincts within a child not only with respectRead MoreDiscuss the principle underlying the Practical Life exercises and how it fosters independence in children2233 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Discuss the principle underlying the Practical Life exercises and how it fosters independence in children. What is Practical Life exercise? Practical life exercise means the basic everyday life, all the things we need to for daily living. Dr Maria Montessori felt that children need to be shown and given opportunities so that they learn how to do everyday living activities in a purposeful way. â€Å"The child can only develop by means of experience in his environment. We call such experience workRead MorePractical Life Exercises in Montessori and Development of Social Skills3587 Words   |  15 Pagesin the environment. Sensitivity to co-ordination of movement: In this period, the child has an involuntary inclination to perform and repeat movement purely for the sake of gaining greater and more precise control. Sensitivity to social aspect of life: Children pay special attention to other children of their own age. The work of Sensitive period enables recognizable affections and friendships to develop. In this way, the child learns to be part of a group. Sensitive periods provide childrenRead MoreDr. Ron Crandalls Philosophy Of Discipleship, Leadership, And Church Growth1437 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Ron Crandall holds a doctoral degree in Pastoral Theology from Fuller Theological Seminary. He retired in 2008 from Ashbury Theological Seminary in Kentucky, where he was a professor of evangelism and practical theology. He has served as an Elder in the United Methodist Church and is now the Executive Director of ABIDE. ABIDE the program that he helped come up with to revitalize churches. Crandall has researched and written in the areas of evangelism, leadership, and church growth. He is bestRead MoreThe Three Little Pigs By Joseph Jacobs2629 Words   |  11 PagesThere are three little pigs that are brothers, Practical Pig, Fiddler Pig, and Fifer Pig, who build their own houses to live in. Each brother plays a different musical instrument. Fifer pig plays the flute saying, â€Å"toots his flute, doesn’t give a hoot and plays around all day† (The Three Little Pigs). Fiddler Pig plays the fiddle saying, â€Å"with a hey diddle diddle, plays on his fiddle and dances all kinds of jigs†(The Three Little Pigs). Practical Pig plays the Piano but he has, â€Å"no chance to singRead More Responses to the Challenge of Amoralism Essay example3571 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophy aims at rational persuasion, not at generating motives to act. Nor does it aim to justify morality in terms of prudence, law, custom, or etiquette. Indeed, such a justification is impossible. But we should not be disturbed about this. The moral life is not called into question by showing that it does not reduce to a concern for custom, prudence, etc., any more than prudence is called into question by showing that it does not reduce to a concern for morality. (4) Thus, Alf’s question is sillyRead MoreIn Part One Of This Assignment I Discussed My Experiences1326 Words   |  6 PagesIn part one of this assignment; I discussed my experiences as a Licensed Practical Nurse. I recalled into some of the biggest hurdles I tackled and now I envision the challenges, I may face during the transition. In this paper, I will be further discussing the transition from Licensed practical nurse to Registered nurse. The focus is on the responsibilities of a RN and stages of change in becoming a student once again. As I discussed in my video, there are challenges that I will face in the upcoming

Maples Group v Simmons and Simmons

Question: Discuss about the Maples Group v Simmons and Simmons. Answer: Introduction: Can Aldi Supermarkets is negligent in their action. If yes, then can the supermarket protect itself under the defenses of negligence? The law of tort is a very important part of common law. The law of tort comprises of several other laws, such as, defamation, nuisance, negligence etc. The law of negligence simply states that no defendant should harm any plaintiff by his actions or omissions. But, in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) it was held that if the defendant does so then he has committed an offence and is considered to be negligent. (P Latimer, 2012) But, it is not always that the defendant can be held negligent. There are few conditions which must be proved, which are called the essential elements of negligence. Duty of care - When the defendant does any act or omission, then, it is a duty in law that by his acts or omissions there should be no impairment that is caused to any person (plaintiff) (Electro Optics Systems West v NSW [2012]) If there are chances of any impairment, then, the defendant should not pursue with his acts. This duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on the defendant but the obligation can only be imposed provided: Proximity The defendant and plaintiff should share the relationship of proximity. Proximity implies that the plaintiff is placed at such a position so that any act/omission assumed by the defendant will affect the plaintiff directly, thereby making the plaintiff the neighbor of the defendant. It is an obligation on defendant to provide care to his neighbors (Graham Barclay Oysters v Ryan (2002)). Forseeability The defendant when assuming any of his acts or omissions, then, he is duty bound to give protection to the plaintiffs for those impacts which he can foresee reasonably. If the defendant can envisage the impact of his acts then he should provide duty of care to the plaintiffs (Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Stavar [2009]). (M Eburn, 2013) Breach The defendant once imposed with the duty of care should follow the same. But, many a times the defendant fails to accommodate the duty of care that is imposed upon him in law. This non discharge of duty is called breach of duty of care (Paris v Stepney Borough Council[1950]. The duty is said to be breached when the level of protection that is anticipated from the defendant is not provided. The level of protection is not same in all situations. If the plaintiff is a child then the level is high, but, when the plaintiff is an adult then the level of protection is not very high (Boltonv Stone [1951]. Also, when the resultant damage is high then the level of protection that is sought from the acts or omission of the defendant is also high and vice versa. (Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980). (Oxbridgenotes, 2014) Damages The duty of care when is not followed by the defendant, then, such failure must cause some kind of injury to the plaintiff. The injury that is caused should be the direct result of the acts of the defendant (causation). If the injury is not the resultant effect of the defendant failure, then, the defendant is not negligent. Further, the loss that is caused to the plaintiff should not be remote in nature (Allied Maples Group v Simmons Simmons [1995]. (Souper M, 2008) The plaintiff has to prove all the above elements to make a defendant negligent in his actions. When the defendant is an occupier of the premises, then, he is also imposed with a duty of care to provide safe environment to his visitors. When the premises is not safe or if the defendant is not able to keep the premises safe, then, the duty is said to be breached and any loss that is caused because of such breach will make the occupier of the premises negligent in his actions. Every defendant once proved to be negligent can still protect him under thedefense of contributory negligence by establishing the fact that the plaintiff has also indulged in some act/omission which has also contributed to the loss of the plaintiff. In such scenario, the liability that is imposed upon the defendant is reduced proportionately to the wrong that is incurred by the plaintiff himself (Astley Ors V. Austrust Limited(1999). Application Tamara visits the supermarket and found the last piece of her favorite brand. She ran very fast (as another customer was approaching) and fell over the melted ice cream. She suffers injuries. After understating the facts, it is submitted that Tamara can sue the supermarket under the law of negligence because: The Aldi supermarket is the owner of the store and it is its duty that the store must be safe for its visitors. This duty is extended to Tamara as she is the neighbor of the supermarket because they are in proximate relationship because any act or omission by the supermarket will affect Tamara directly. Also, the supermarket is duty bound to provide protection against all such acts or omission the effect of which it can reasonably predict. The supermarket failed in its duty to provide protection. This is because the staff of the supermarket only cleans the aisle every 40 minutes knowing the facts that there are many customers who are moving down the aisle and there are chances of accident. So the level of care is not met. This breach has caused harm to Tamara who is direct and predictable. So, the supermarket is negligent. But, the supermarket can take the defense of contributory negligence because Tamara ran very fast in order to take the chocolate knowing the fact that she might slip. But still she preferred to run very fast and thus has contributed to her loss. So, the liability of supermarket can be reduced to the contribution of Tamara. Conclusion The supermarket is liable under the law of negligence for causing harm to Tamara but it can take the defense of contributory negligence as Tamara has contributed to her own loss by running very fast. Reference List M Eburn (2013) Do Australian fire brigades owe a common law duty of care? A review of three recent cases, Victorian Law Journals. Oxbridgenotes (2014) negligence- Breach of duty. University of Sydney. P Latimer (2012) Australian Business Law, CCH Australia Limited, 2012. Souper M (2008) Sixth law Forum, Allied Maples Group v Simmons Simmons [1995]. Astley Ors V. Austrust Limited(1999). Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Stavar [2009] NSWCA 258. Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). Electro Optics Systems West v NSW [2012] ACTSC 184. Graham Barclay Oysters v Ryan (2002) 211 CLR 540, [149]. Paris v Stepney Borough Council[1950] UKHL 3. Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980)

Master of Public Health Maternity and Health Care Centre

Question: Discuss about theMaster of Public Health for Maternity and Health Care Centre Answer Introduction: The report aims to study the condition of the quality of service provided by the maternity and health care centre located at Nano district in Uttar Pradesh, India. The report contains data about the condition of the patients. A sample of 50 patients was taken for the study. They were asked questions about responsibility of service, satisfaction with the staff, reasonable fees of the hospitals, quality of service provided by the hospitals, behavior of the staff and others. The data in the assignment has been analyzed with the help of various statistical graphs and tests. The analysis of the data will help to explain the condition of healthcare centers and the opinion of the patients regarding the treatment procedures in those places. Results: The dataset contains questions about the responsibility of the staff, satisfaction with the staff, reasonable price, affordable price, waiting time, comfort in asking question and others. The bar diagram for responsibility of staff mainly contains three levels Agree, Strongly agree, disagree. The bar diagram clearly states that most of the people agrees that the staffs are responsible (Refer appendix graph 1).The bar diagram for the variable responsibility of the staff also quotes the same figure (Refer appendix graph 2).The graph of the variable reasonable price and whether the prices are affordable or not also quotes the same figures (Refer appendix graph 4 5). The time of waiting and the opinion about the waiting time are also explained with the help of a bar diagram (Refer appendix graph 7 8). The waiting time has all total 9 categories. The frequency is highest in the case of the class 31 60 minute and 5-30 minutes. The frequency distribution about the opinion of waiting tim e however shows that the patients are not satisfied with the waiting time. The research also asks different questions about the opinion of the patients regarding personal consulting, comfort in asking questions, confidentiality and others. The bar diagram for the three variable shows that most of the patients agree about the decisions. The t-test has been conducted in order to test whether the mean value between the two variables vary. The variables like respect from staff and reasonable price has some sort of correlation among themselves. The hypothesis of the t test is H0: 1= 2 against H1: 1 2 (Xie et al., 2013). The p-value of the test for the above two variables is 0.048. The null hypothesis gets rejected as the probability value is less than significance level. Therefore, it could be concluded that the mean value of the two variables are not equal (Kruschke, 2013). This implies that the patients has not given the same response for the variables respect from staff and satisfaction with staff (Refer appendix table 1) The next t-test has been conducted between the variables reasonable price and affordable price. The t-test has been conducted in the same way as for the first two variables. The probability value of the test which is 0.9 indicates that the null hypothesis of the test is accepted (Refer appendix table 2). The t-test has also been conducted between the variables comfortable in asking questions and private consultation. The t test results suggests that the null hypothesis would be accepted. This indicates that the mean of the responses is same for both the variables (Refer appendix table 3). The t-test has also been done to see if the mean of the responses differ for the two variables confidential and doctor showing kindness. The t-test has been conducted in the same way as the others. The t test results suggest that the hypothesis for the test would be accepted at a significance level 0.05(Refer appendix graph 4). The t-test has also been conducted between the two variables satisfiedwexplain and satisfiedwvisit. The test has been accepted on the basis of the probability value. This explains that the mean values are same for the two variables(Refer appendix graph 5). Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn from the above analysis are as follows: The people have given average level of satisfaction regarding responsibility of staff, responsibility of doctors and others. Most of the patients however have shown dissatisfaction regarding the waiting time. The t-test results suggest that the patients have given different responses for respect from staff and satisfaction from staff. The patient response has stated that price figures are reasonable and is affordable to pay. Therefore it could be concluded from the analysis of the results that the patients are satisfied on an average regarding the fees, behavior of the staff, respect from staff, respect from doctors and other variables. The patients however has discontent regarding waiting time. The recommendation that follows from the study are: The concerned authorities should pay attention regarding the waiting time of the patients. The long waiting time cause dissatisfaction among the patients, therefore, affects the business. The study has been conducted taking only a very small sample of size 50 only. Such a sample is not desirable for a large population. The study could had been better if the sample size could had been a bit more. Some effective measure of data collection like stratified sampling and cluster sampling should be used. References: Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., ... Takano, T. (2013). Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.science,342(6156), 373-377. Kruschke, J. K. (2013). Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), 573.